تسعى الحكمة.
إتقان أفضل ما كان الآخرون قد برزت بالفعل.
المحاسبة عن تعويض الأسهم.
حتى الآن كتبت عن محاسبة الديون والإيجارات والضرائب. يمكنك أن تجدهم جميعا هنا. تدفع الشركات موظفيها باستخدام النقد والأرصدة. يتم اإظهار كافة املدفوعات النقدية املقدمة للموظفني كمساريف يف بيان الدخل. ولكن عندما يتعلق الأمر أشياء تعويض الأسهم ليست بهذه الصراحة. الشركات تدفع موظفيها باستخدام الأسهم المقيدة وخيارات الأسهم والمعالجة المحاسبية لكل منهما مختلفة جدا. في هذا المنصب، سأحاول كشف المحاسبة عن تعويض الأسهم.
1. الأسهم المشتركة، أبيك، والخزينة الأسهم.
من أجل فهم التعويض القائم على الأسهم، تحتاج إلى معرفة بعض الأشياء الأساسية حول الأسهم المشتركة. وسوف أشرح لهم باستخدام شركة وهمية تدعى تستكو. في 01 يناير 2018، أصدرت تيستكو 10،000 سهم بقيمة 1 $ قيمة الاسمية لعائدات 10 $ للسهم الواحد. تلقت الشركة 100،000 $ كمتحصلات من الجمهور. فيما يلي إدخال دفتر اليومية لهذه المعاملة.
ويزيد دخول المجلة من أصولها النقدية بمقدار 000 100 دولار. الميزانية العمومية لتحقيق التوازن في الشركة يجعل اثنين من الإدخالات على جانب المسؤولية. الإدخال الأول يسمى الأسهم المشتركة. ماذا يعني هذا؟ وقبل ظهور الحواسيب، صدرت الأسهم في شهادات مادية. في كل شهادة سيتم عرض القيمة الاسمية (المعروف أيضا باسم القيمة الاسمية) من الأسهم. ويشير هذا إلى المبلغ الذي يتم فيه إصدار الأسهم أو يمكن استردادها. بفضل الوضع الراهن، حتى اليوم يتم استخدام مفهوم القيمة الاسمية. في هذا المثال القيمة الاسمية $ 1 و 10،000 سهم، القيمة الإجمالية للأسهم العادية تصل إلى 10،000 $. يتم االحتفاظ بأي مبلغ مستلم يزيد عن القيمة االسمية في رأس المال المدفوع اإلضافي) أبيك (. في هذه الحالة يأتي إلى 90،000 $. في هذه المرحلة يبلغ العدد الإجمالي للأسهم التي تصدرها الشركة 10،000 سهم، ويبلغ إجمالي عدد الأسهم القائمة لدى الجمهور 10،000 سهم.
في 01 يناير 2018، تستكو تستعيد 1000 من أسهمها المشتركة بسعر 12 $ للسهم الواحد. ويرد أدناه إدخال دفتر اليومية لهذه المعاملة. ويقلل هذا الدخول الأصول النقدية بمقدار 000 12 دولار. ولتحقيق التوازن بين الميزانية العمومية، تقوم الشركة بإدخال التزام بمبلغ 12،000 دولار أمريكي يتم الاحتفاظ به في حساب يسمى مخزون الخزينة. ويخفض حساب الاستهلاك قيمة الأصول الثابتة. وبالمثل، يخفض حساب الخزينة من قيمة إجمالي حقوق الملكية. لا تملك أسهم الخزانة حقوق تصويت ولا تحصل على أية أرباح. وهي تظل نائمة حتى تقاعد الشركة أو تعيد إصدارها. بعد إعادة شراء إجمالي عدد الأسهم الصادرة عن الشركة لا يزال 10،000 و إجمالي عدد الأسهم المعلقة مع الجمهور هو 9000.
في 01 مارس 2018 قررت شركة تي سي سي إعادة إصدار 1،000 سهم إلى الجمهور من حساب الخزينة بسعر 15 $ للسهم الواحد. ويرد أدناه إدخال دفتر اليومية لهذه المعاملة. ويزيد هذا المدخل الأصول النقدية بمبلغ 000 15 دولار. ولتحقيق التوازن بين الميزانية العمومية، تقوم الشركة بإدخال بندين على جانب المطلوبات. وتباع الأسهم المباعة من حساب الخزينة بمبلغ 12 دولارا. السعر الأصلي المدفوع من قبل الشركة. ويتم تخزين المبلغ المتبقي البالغ 000 3 دولار في رأس المال المدفوع الإضافي (أبيك). ولا يظهر هذا الكسب البالغ 000 3 دولار في بيان الدخل. لماذا هذا؟ إذا سمح بذلك، تحت تأثير الحافز تسبب التحيز، فإن كل شركة سوف تشارك في تداول الأسهم الخاصة بها في السوق بدلا من إدارة أعمالها. ولو قامت شركة تي سي سي تي بإعادة إصدار مخزونات الخزينة بسعر يقل عن 12 دولارا، فسيتم طرح الفرق من شركة أبيك. في هذه المرحلة يبلغ العدد الإجمالي للأسهم التي تصدرها الشركة 10،000 سهم، ويبلغ إجمالي عدد الأسهم القائمة لدى الجمهور 10،000 سهم.
ويبين الجدول الوارد أدناه آثار جميع إدخالات دفتر اليومية الثلاثة. قضاء بعض الوقت للتأكد من أنك حقا فهم هذا.
المسلحة مع الفهم الأساسي للأسهم المشتركة، دعونا نلقي نظرة على امازون & # 8217؛ ق 2018 الميزانية العمومية الواردة أدناه. من هذا يمكنك أن ترى أن الأمازون (1) أصدرت 5 ملايين سهم إضافية في عام 2018 (2) لا إعادة شراء أي أسهم كما ظلت أسهم الخزينة نفسها في 2018 و 2018 (3) 5 ملايين سهم إضافية أدت إلى زيادة أبيك بمبلغ 226 1 مليون دولار. امض بعض الوقت للذهاب من خلال التعليقات التوضيحية التي أدليت بها في الميزانية العمومية.
2. دفع الموظفين مع الأسهم المقيدة.
يمكن للشركة دفع موظفيها باستخدام الأسهم المقيدة. ويسمى السهم مقيدا لأن الموظف لا يستطيع بيع الأسهم على الفور، ويحتاج إلى الانتظار لبعض الفترة، وتسمى أيضا فترة الاستحقاق، قبل البيع. دعونا نفهم هذا مع مثال. في 05 مارس 2018، تمنح الشركة 500 سهم لرئيسها التنفيذي كتعويض. في تاريخ المنح سعر السهم هو 18 $. سترات الأسهم بعد عامين والقيمة الاسمية هو 1 $. ويرد أدناه إدخال دفتر اليومية لهذه المعاملة. كما أصدرت الشركة 500 سهم جديد لرئيسها التنفيذي، فإنه يسجل 500 $ في الأسهم العادية والتوازن 8500 $ في ابيك. وتسجل الميزانية العمومية رصيدها بمبلغ 9،000 دولار في حساب التعويض المؤجل الذي سيحمل كمصاريف على مدى فترة الاستحقاق لمدة سنتين باستخدام طريقة القسط الثابت. كما ارتفع إجمالي عدد الأسهم المصدرة والمعلقة بمقدار 500 سهم.
في 05 مارس 2018، تستكو تعترف 4،500 $ كمصروف التعويض والنصف الآخر سيتم الاعتراف في 05 مارس 2017. وترد أدناه إدخالات دفتر اليومية لهذه المعاملات.
3. دفع الموظفين مع خيارات الأسهم.
يمكن للشركة دفع موظفيها باستخدام خيارات الأسهم. لفترة طويلة، كنت أفترض أن الخيارات هي الأسهم. لكنها ليست كذلك. خيارات تصبح الأسهم في مرحلة ما في المستقبل عندما يكون سعر السوق من الأسهم أعلى من ممارسة أو سعر الإضراب. دعونا نفهم هذا مع مثال. في 01 فبراير 2018، تيستكو منح 100 خيارات لمديرها المالي مع سعر ممارسة تعيين إلى سعر السوق من 13 $. وتستثمر الخيارات بعد سنتين وتنتهي بعد 10 سنوات. وتبلغ القيمة العادلة للخيار 10 دولارات للسهم الواحد في تاريخ المنح. تحتوي الجملتان الأخيرتان على بعض المصطلحات الجديدة التي تحتاج إلى مزيد من التوضيح.
ويسمى تاريخ منح الخيارات للموظف بتاريخ المنح. في هذه الحالة هو 01 فبراير - 2018. في تاريخ المنح يتم تعيين سعر ممارسة الخيار على سعر السوق. في هذه الحالة يتم تعيينه إلى 13 $. ماذا يعني هذا؟ وهذا يعني أنه في المستقبل، يمكن للمدير المالي تحويل هذه الخيارات إلى أسهم عن طريق دفع 13 دولارا للسهم. كم من الوقت يجب أن ينتظر حدوث هذا التحويل. ويحتاج إلى الانتظار حتى انتهاء فترة الاستحقاق. في هذه الحالة هو عامين. يمكن للمدير المالي تحويل هذه الخيارات إلى أسهم بين 01 فبراير 2017 و 31 يناير 2025 وبعد ذلك تنتهي الخيارات. في عام 2005، جاء المجلس الأعلى للتعليم مع قاعدة، بحق، لوقف خيارات الأسهم في بيان الدخل. وهذا يعني أن الشركات تحتاج إلى طريقة لتقييم الخيارات. بعض طرق التقييم الشعبية هي بلاك سكولز و بينينيل موديلز.
في مثالنا، يتم تعيين القيمة العادلة للخيار على 10 دولارات. لماذا هي القيمة العادلة للخيار أقل من سعر السوق من 13 $؟ خيارات لها قيمة فقط عندما يكون سعر الإضراب أكبر من سعر السوق بعد فترة الاستحقاق. هناك احتمال أن هذا لا يحدث في المستقبل. ويؤدي عدم اليقين هذا إلى انخفاض أسعار الخيارات. القيمة الإجمالية للخيارات الأسهم يأتي إلى 1000 $ (100 خيارات * 10 $ القيمة العادلة). وستحمل شرکة تيستکو ھذا المبلغ کمصروف تعویض علی مدى فترة الاستحقاق لمدة سنتین باستخدام طریقة القسط الثابت. وترد أدناه إدخالات دفتر اليومية لهذه المعاملات. ولتحقيق التوازن في الميزانية العمومية، ترتفع أبيك بمقدار 500 دولار سنويا.
دعونا نفترض أنه في 02 مارس 2017، يمارس المدير المالي له 100 الخيارات عن طريق دفع $ 13. في وقت ممارسة سعر السوق للسهم هو 20 $. وترد أدناه إدخالات دفتر اليومية لهذه المعاملات. إذا كان سعر السوق هو 20 $ الذي يبيع الأسهم إلى المدير المالي في 13 $؟ تيستكو تبيع تلك الأسهم. ولكن من أين يحصل على هذه الأسهم؟ ويحصل عليها من أسهم الخزانة. وفي هذا المثال، نفترض أن 12 دولارا هي متوسط سعر إعادة شراء أسهم الخزينة. بالنسبة للميزانية العمومية لتحقيق التوازن بين الفرق بين سعر الممارسة وسعر الشراء يضاف إلى أبيك.
سعر السوق الحالي من 20 $ ليست ذات صلة لهذه المجلة دخول. ولكن تستكو سوف تحصل على خصم ضريبي 700 $ [($ 20 & # 8211؛ $ 13) * 100 سهم] عندما يبيع المدير المالي أسهمه. لاحظ أنه في خيارات الأسهم حساب رأس المال لم يرتفع أبدا. لماذا هذا؟ لم تصدر الشركة أسهم جديدة. كل ما فعله هو إعادة إصدار الأسهم من حساب الخزينة. بعد هذه الصفقة يبقى إجمالي الأسهم المصدرة هو نفسه والأسهم المعلقة ترتفع بنسبة 100.
4. أمازون & # 8217؛ ق الأسهم التعويض.
يتم اإدراج اأي تغريات يف حقوق املساهمني يف بيان حقوق املساهمني. نلقي نظرة على أمازون & # 8217؛ ق 2018 حقوق المساهمين. من هذا يمكننا أن نرى أن (1) لم تقم بشراء أي أسهم في عام 2018 (2) أصدرت الأسهم المقيدة ل 1،149 مليون دولار و أبيك ارتفع من هذا المبلغ (3) بعض الخيارات الأسهم هناك صدرت صدرت منذ فترة طويلة الظهر وارتفعت أبيك بهذا المبلغ (4) كما أنها لم تصدر أي خيارات الأسهم الجديدة.
5. هل تعويض الأسهم حقا حساب؟
حتى عام 2005 كانت الشركات تصدر خيارات الأسهم لموظفيها ولم يعترف بها كمصروف. لماذا يفعلون ذلك؟ القاعدة لا تتطلب منهم. كما أن شيكات الإدارة العليا & # 8217؛ تعتمد على عرض المزيد من الأرباح. إذا كنت تدفع موظفيك في خيارات الأسهم وعدم التعرف عليه كمصروف ثم الأرباح سوف ترتفع جنبا إلى جنب مع شيك الأجر. في عام 1994، أراد فاسب تغيير هذه القاعدة ومعالجة التعويض القائم على الأسهم كمصروف. ولكن الشركات خاضت هذه القاعدة من خلال الضغط وجعلت مجلس الشيوخ لإدانة الاقتراح. وقف بافيت على جانب فاسب ولكن الأمور لم تتغير. في عام 2005، وبعد عقد من الزمان، تم إقرار القانون لمعالجة خيار الأسهم كمصروف.
ومهما كانت مزايا الخيارات، فإن معالجتها المحاسبية شنيعة. فكر في لحظة تبلغ قيمتها 190 مليون دولار سننفقها للإعلان في شركة جيكو هذا العام. لنفترض أنه بدلا من دفع مبالغ نقدية لإعلاناتنا، فقد دفعنا وسائل الإعلام في خيارات بيركشير في السوق لمدة عشر سنوات. ھل یرغب أي شخص بعد ذلك في القول بأن بيركشیر لم تتحمل تکلفة الإعلان، أو لا یجب أن تحمل ھذه التکلفة علی دفاترھا؟ & # 8230؛ لم يكن الدور الذي لعبته الإدارة في المحاسبة المتعلقة بخيارات الأسهم حميدة: فقد واجه عدد كبير من المديرين التنفيذيين والمدققين في السنوات الأخيرة محاولات فاشلة لتحل محل خيال الخيال مع الحقيقة، ولم يتحدث أي منهم عن الدعم من فاسب. حتى أن خصومها قد جندوا الكونجرس في المعركة، ودفعوا القضية التي تضخمت الأرقام كانت في المصلحة الوطنية. & # 8211؛ بافيت. 1998.
وقد حدد القانون مشكلة واحدة. ولكن المديرين التنفيذيين للشركات هم ذكاء وقد برزوا طريقة أخرى لإدارة توقعات المستثمرين. جنبا إلى جنب مع الشركات أرباح غاب تقرير شيء يسمى إبيتدا المعدل. ماذا يعني هذا؟ تظهر الأرباح من خلال عدم احتساب الاستهلاك والمكافأة على أساس الأسهم كمصروف. بالنسبة لي هذا هو هراء. إذا التعويض على أساس الأسهم ليست حساب ثم ما بحق الجحيم هم؟
وقبل بضع سنوات طرحنا ثلاثة أسئلة لم نتلقها بعد ردا: "إذا لم تكن الخيارات شكلا من أشكال التعويض، فما هي؟ إذا كان التعويض ليس حسابا، فما هو؟ وإذا كانت النفقات لا ينبغي أن تذهب إلى حساب الأرباح، حيث في العالم يجب أن تذهب؟ "& # 8211؛ بافيت. 1998.
وطالما أن المستثمرين ساذجين، يمكن للمديرين التنفيذيين أن يرسموا ما يريد المستثمرون رؤيته. المستثمرون الذين يعتقدون في إبيتدا المعدل يذكرني مزحة أخبرها تشارلي مونجر & # 8211؛ أقول عن الرجل الذي باع صيد السمك. سألته، & # 8220؛ إلهي، هم & # 8217؛ الأرجواني والأخضر. هل الأسماك تأخذ حقا هذه السحر؟ & # 8221؛ وقال: & # 8220؛ مستر، أنا لا & # 8217؛ ر بيع للأسماك. & # 8221؛
إغلاق الأفكار.
تعلمت هذه المفاهيم من خلال قراءة الكتاب المبين أدناه. كما أخذت دورة المحاسبة المالية من كورسيرا. سأكون في غاية يوصي هذه الدورة لمن يريد أن يعرف كيف يتم وضع البيانات المالية معا.
الوظائف ذات الصلة.
100 إلى 1 في سوق الأوراق المالية.
المحاسبة للمعاشات التقاعدية.
المحاسبة لعقود الإيجار.
آخر الملاحة.
21 أفكار حول & لدكو؛ المحاسبة عن الأسهم التعويض & رديقو؛
انضممت إلى الدورة التي يتم تقديمها في 4 مايو. كما هو الحال دائما، شكرا!
شكرا جانا لمشاركتك. لدي بضعة استفسارات تتعلق بمثال خيارات الأسهم:
1) لماذا كنت حساب التعويض عن 500 الأسهم الخيارات؟ وأعتقد أنه تم منح 100 خيار. (أفترض خطأ سردي، واسمحوا لي أن أعرف إذا كنت مخطئا)
2) لماذا كنت حساب تعويض الخيار باستخدام $ 10؟ هل تدفع شركة تيستكو $ 13 إلى المدير المالي لكل خيار؟ كيف يمكننا أن ندرس 3 دولارات إضافية لكل خيار؟
ل (1) كان خطأ فظيعا من جهتي. أنا إصلاحه واسمحوا لي أن أعرف إذا كنت لا تزال تجد القضايا. شكرا جزيلا للإشارة إلى ذلك.
) 2 (يتم إثبات المصاريف بناء على السعر العادل للخيار وهو 10 دوالر أمريكي. يأتي المخزون من الخزينة عند 12 $ عندما يمارس كفو ذلك. وبما أن هذا يحدث في المستقبل، وهناك احتمال أن هذا لا يحدث. حتى نتمكن من & # 8217؛ استخدام ذلك كمصروف.
شكرا مرة أخرى لوظيفة واحدة أكثر ممتازة. لدي بعض الأسئلة حول هذا الموضوع.
1) بالنسبة لكل من الأسهم المقيدة وخيارات الأسهم، يتم تسجيل المصروفات كأصل تعويض مؤجل ويتم إضافة قيمة مقابلة إلى شركة أيبك. عندما يتم إطفاء أصل التعويض المؤجل هذا، دعنا نقول في غضون سنتين عن طريق تحميل بيان الدخل، أعتقد أن قيمة أصول التعويض المؤجلة يتم تخفيضها إلى الصفر. في هذه الحالة، كيف يتم التوازن على جانب المساواة / المسؤولية؟
2) في المثال الأمازون الخاص بك، كيف استنتجت أن الزيادة في أبيك (1149 مليون) كان بسبب تقييد الأسهم وليس من الخيارات الأسهم؟ (هل يرجع ذلك إلى زيادة الأسهم المصدرة والأسهم القائمة بمقدار 5 ملايين سهم أو زيادة الأسهم المصدرة فقط عند منح الأسهم المقيدة؟)
3) كيف استنتجت أنه لم تكن هناك خيارات الأسهم الصادرة؟ ھل یشیر تعویض الأسھم المستندة إلی الأسھم وبند خطة مکافآت الموظفین في بیان حقوق الملکیة دائما إلی الأرصدة المقیدة؟
سيكون موضع تقدير ردكم.
شكرا لتعليقاتكم.
(1) فقط بالنسبة للمخزونات المقيدة، تستخدم الشركات مصروفات التعويض المؤجلة والتي تمثل حساب مسؤولية منافسة مثل الاستهلاك الذي يقلل من الالتزام. لذلك لتبدأ مع زيادة الأسهم العادية و أبيك وأيضا حساب المسؤولية كونترا وبالتالي فإن صافي تأثير صفر. خلال فترة الاستحقاق تقلل من حساب الخصوم وتحل محله مع مصاريف التعويض.
(2) و (3) وأشارت الحواشي بوضوح إلى أنها تمنح أرصدة مقيدة ولا توجد أي إشارة إلى خيارات الأسهم.
شكرا على توضيحك. إنني أدرك أن مصروفات التعويض يتم تحميلها على بيان الدخل على مدى فترة االستحقاق ويتم تخفيض مصاريف التعويض المؤجلة إلى الصفر. الرجاء التحقق مما إذا كانت إدخالاتي أدناه صحيحة أم لا.
05-مارس -2018 د. مصروفات التعويض المؤجلة 9000 $ [500 سهم * 18 $ للسهم الواحد]
كر. الأسهم المشتركة 500 $ [500 سهم * $ 1 قيمة الاسمية]
كر. المبلغ الإضافي المدفوع في رأس المال $ 8،500 [$ 9،000 & # 8211؛ 500 $]
05-مارس -2017 د. مصاريف التعويض المؤجلة 0 [9000 $ المطفأة والمصروفات]
كر. الأسهم المشتركة 500 $ [500 سهم * $ 1 قيمة الاسمية]
كر. المبلغ الإضافي المدفوع في رأس المال $ 8،500 [$ 9،000 & # 8211؛ 500 $]
وبالتالي، فإن أصول مصروفات التعويض المؤجلة تحصل على أموريتزد خلال فترة الاستحقاق ويظل سهم أبيك والسهم في الميزانية العمومية.
إن مصاريف التعويض المؤجلة ليست أصلا. انها حساب الأسهم كونترا.
إدخالاتك ل 05 مارس 2018 هو الصحيح. على مدى العامين المقبلين، الأسهم العادية و أبيك لن تحصل على لمس على الإطلاق. وبدلا من ذلك، تنخفض مصاريف التعويض المؤجلة إلى الصفر وتحمل نفقات التعويض مكانها مما يقلل بدوره الأرباح المحتجزة.
خلال العملية برمتها لا شيء يحدث لجانب الأصول من الميزانية العمومية.
شكرا جانا لهذا المنصب. هل تعتقد أن المستثمر الائتمان ينبغي أيضا أن تكون قلقة بشأن المحاسبة حساب الأسهم. التدفقات النقدية لا تتغير جوهريا، فلماذا عناء؟
أعني فقط المستثمر الأسهم الذي يهتم لرقم إبس واحتمال التخفيف الأسهم يجب أن تكون المعنية.
بقدر ما أعرف، لا يحتاج المستثمرون الائتمانيون إلى القلق بشأن هذا الأمر.
كما أننا نقترح مناقشة تعويضات الأسهم، وأعتقد أنه سيكون من المناسب في الوقت المناسب لتقديم المثال التالي لتعويض الأسهم التعويض من قبل شركات التكنولوجيا.
واستنادا إلى المعلومات التالية الواردة في الحواشي، أنفقت 10.4 بلايين دولار على عمليات إعادة الشراء، غير أن حصص الأسهم القائمة لم تنخفض إلا بمقدار 41.5 مليون دولار. إذا نظرنا إلى 70 دولارا كمتوسط سعر الشراء خلال هذه السنوات الثلاث، تم استخدام 2.9 مليار لإعادة الشراء الفعلي للأسهم والباقي 7.5 مليار لتعويض تخفيف الأسهم من رسو & # 8217؛ s، خيارات الأسهم الخ.
بلغ عدد الأسهم القائمة للأسهم العادية للمسجل 1،704،029،150 سهم في 5 نوفمبر 2018.
وخلال السنة المالية 2018، قمنا بإعادة شراء 23،893،000 سهم من الأسهم العادية بمبلغ 1،3 مليار دولار.
خلال السنة المالية 2018، قمنا بإعادة شراء وتخليص 71696000 سهم من الأسهم العادية بمبلغ 4.6 مليار دولار،
بلغ عدد الأسهم القائمة للأسهم العادية للمسجل 1،689،435،673 سهم في 4 نوفمبر 2018.
بلغ عدد الأسهم القائمة للأسهم العادية للمسجل 1،662،600،946 سهم في 3 نوفمبر 2018.
وفي السنة المالية 2018، قمنا بإعادة 7.1 مليار دولار، أو 93٪ من التدفق النقدي الحر إلى المساهمين، بما في ذلك 4.5 مليار دولار من خلال إعادة شراء 60.3 مليون سهم من الأسهم العادية و 2.6 مليار دولار من الأرباح.
انخفضت الأسهم القائمة إلى 1.67 مليار في 28 سبتمبر 2018 من 1.69 مليار في 29 سبتمبر 2018 بسبب إعادة شراء الأسهم، يقابلها جزئيا صافي الأسهم المصدرة في إطار خطط استحقاقات الموظفين.
سوف تجد هذا الاتجاه في معظم شركات التكنولوجيا. أفضل طريقة للتعامل هي (1) لعلاج التعويض القائم على الأسهم كمصروفات (2) أيضا ننظر رقم & # 8217؛ ق على أساس السهم الواحد لاتخاذ التخفيف في الاعتبار. لا أعرف إذا كان هناك طريقة أخرى للتعامل مع هذا. ولكن سيكون سعيدا أن نسمع.
لم أكن & # 8217؛ ر تماما الحصول على النقطة الثانية الخاصة بك؟ يمكنك الرجاء شرح ؟
تقسيم الإيرادات وإيرادات التشغيل والتدفقات النقدية من إجمالي الأسهم القائمة. حتى إذا كان عدد الأسهم يرتفع ثم سوف تكون قادرة على التكيف لذلك.
أيضا نلقي نظرة على goo. gl/IkRTcP والبحث عن أوفستينغ خيارات التخفيف. سوف تحب ما يقوله مايكل شيرن.
شكرا جانا على المدخلات الخاصة بك.
شكرا على مقالك!
ما هي وجهة نظركم على هذا التعويض على أساس الأسهم تضاف إلى التدفق النقدي التشغيلي للشركات وبالتالي يكون لها تأثير إيجابي على التدفق النقدي الحر؟
أزيل ذلك لحساب التدفق النقدي من العمليات.
جانا & # 8211؛ آخر عظيم آخر بفضل لتقاسم. هل يمكن أن تؤكد أنه اعتبارا من 2004 يتم تخفيض صافي الدخل عن طريق حساب الخيار السنوي؟ أعتقد أن هذا يحدث من خلال & # 8216؛ مصاريف التعويض & # 8217؛ خط؟ إذا كان ذلك صحيحا، فهل يجب أن نستمر في استخدام الأسهم المخففة لحساب قيمة السهم الواحد؟ (يبدو أنه يعد حسابا مزدوجا إذا تم تخفيض النفقات واستخدمت الأسهم المخففة.
آخر فكر & # 8211؛ وأعتقد أننا يجب أن نأخذ القيمة العادلة الحالية للخيارات المتبقية غير المفهرسة، على أساس السهم الواحد، والحد من القيمة الجوهرية النهائية للشركة من قبل هذا المبلغ.
لي مرة أخرى جانا & # 8211؛ عند إجراء المزيد من البحث في هذا الموضوع، أرى أن فاسب يتطلب الإبلاغ عن القيمة العادلة لخيار خيار الأسهم في الملاحظات على البيانات المالية، ولكن يتركها طوعية ما إذا كانت الشركات تقلل بالفعل من صافي الدخل المبلغ عنه (وستقوم الشركات الصديقة للمساهمين بذلك). أفكاري هو أن المستثمرين:
1) التحقق من تقرير 10-K / السنوي لمعرفة ما إذا كانت الشركة يقلل طوعا صافي الدخل من خلال حساب التعويض على أساس الأسهم. وإذا لم يفعلوا ذلك فإن على المستثمر أن يخفض صافي الدخل بالمبلغ المذكور في الملاحظات نفسها.
2) استخدام الأسهم المخففة المعلقة & # 8211؛ فهذه ببساطة تمثل التعويضات القائمة على الأسهم في الأوراق المالية (والفضيلات القابلة للتحويل) التي لا تزال معلقة ولم تمارس بعد.
(3 الرجوع إلى مالحظات اخلدمة املالية لرؤية القيمة العادلة للخيارات املتبقية غير املنفذة وخطط األسهم األخرى) أي رسو و # 8217 (. قلل من القيمة الجوهرية للشركة بهذا المبلغ.
يمكن أن يكون هذا نسبة كبيرة من الدخل المبلغ عنه الذي يتم تقديمه للموظفين بدلا من أصحاب (المساهمين) لذلك فمن المؤسف ولكن المطلوب خطوة أننا حفر في 10-K & # 8217، وليس فقط الثقة الأرقام المبلغ عنها.
تحقق اتجاه الأسهم القائمة على مدى السنوات 5-10 الماضية. إذا كانت الإدارة يخفف كثيرا، نمط سترى في شركات التكنولوجيا، ثم عليك أن تسأل إذا كنت ترغب في الشراكة مع الإدارة. إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم ثم أخذ الأسهم المخففة القائمة لتبسيط الأمور.
لقد شرحت الأساسيات بشكل جيد للغاية. شكر.
لدي سؤال واحد. في البيانات المالية المعروضة على معايير المحاسبة المقبولة عموما في الولايات المتحدة كيفية تقديم مصاريف التعويض المؤجلة. لقد رفعت أسهمي المشتركة و أبيك الآن كيفية تقديم ذلك في الميزانية العمومية وبيان أو حقوق الملكية.
إوس: المحاسبة للموظفين خيارات الأسهم.
الصلة أعلاه الموثوقية.
ولن نعيد النظر في الجدل الدائر حول ما إذا كان ينبغي للشركات أن "تكلف" خيارات أسهم الموظفين. ومع ذلك، ينبغي أن نضع أمرين. أولا، أراد الخبراء في مجلس معايير المحاسبة المالية (فاسب) المطالبة بخيارات الخيارات منذ حوالي التسعينيات. على الرغم من الضغوط السياسية، أصبح التكليف حتميا نوعا ما عندما طلب مجلس المحاسبة الدولي (إاسب) ذلك بسبب الدفع المتعمد للتقارب بين معايير المحاسبة الأمريكية والمعايير الدولية. (للاطلاع على القراءة ذات الصلة، انظر الجدل حول تكثيف الخيار.)
واعتبارا من مارس / آذار 2004، فإن القاعدة الحالية (فاس 123) تتطلب "الكشف وليس الاعتراف". وهذا يعني أنه يجب اإلفصاح عن تقديرات تكاليف الخيارات كحاشية، ولكن ال يجب إثباتها كمصروف في بيان الدخل، حيث أنها ستخفض الربح المعلن) األرباح أو صافي الدخل (. وهذا يعني أن معظم الشركات تبلغ عن أربعة أرقام ربحية السهم الواحد (إبس) - إلا إذا اختاروا طواعية الاعتراف بالخيارات كما فعلت مئات بالفعل:
2. برو الشكل المخفف إبس.
التحدي الرئيسي في حساب إبس هو التخفيف المحتمل. وعلى وجه التحديد، ما الذي نفعله بخيارات بارزة ولكن غير قائمة، وخيارات "قديمة" تمنح في السنوات السابقة والتي يمكن تحويلها بسهولة إلى أسهم عادية في أي وقت؟ (ال ينطبق ذلك على خيارات األسهم فحسب، بل أيضا على الدين القابل للتحويل وبعض المشتقات.) تحاول ربحية السهم السعوية المخفضة الحصول على هذا التخفيف المحتمل باستخدام طريقة أسهم الخزينة الموضحة أدناه. لدينا شركة افتراضية لديها 100،000 سهم مشترك المعلقة، ولكن لديها أيضا 10،000 الخيارات المعلقة التي هي كل شيء في المال. وهذا هو، أنها منحت مع سعر 7 $ ممارسة ولكن الأسهم منذ ارتفع إلى 20 $:
العائد الأساسي للسهم (صافي الدخل / الأسهم العادية) بسيط: 300،000 $ / 100،000 = 3 دولار للسهم الواحد. تستخدم إبس المخفض طريقة الخزينة للإجابة على السؤال التالي: افتراضيا، كم عدد الأسهم العادية التي ستكون معلقة إذا تم ممارسة جميع الخيارات في الوقت الحالي؟ في المثال الذي تمت مناقشته أعلاه، فإن التمرين وحده سيضيف 10،000 سهم عادي إلى القاعدة. ومع ذلك، فإن ممارسة محاكاة توفر للشركة نقود إضافية: ممارسة عائدات قدرها 7 $ لكل خيار، بالإضافة إلى فائدة ضريبية. الفائدة الضريبية هي نقدية حقيقية لأن الشركة تحصل على تخفيض الدخل الخاضع للضريبة من كسب الخيارات - في هذه الحالة، $ 13 لكل خيار ممارسة. لماذا ا؟ لأن مصلحة الضرائب الأمريكية ستجمع الضرائب من أصحاب الخيارات الذين سيدفعون ضريبة الدخل العادية على نفس الربح. (يرجى ملاحظة أن المنافع الضريبية تشير إلى خيارات الأسهم غير المؤهلة، وقد لا تكون خيارات الأسهم المحفزة (إسو) قابلة للخصم الضريبي للشركة، ولكن أقل من 20٪ من الخيارات الممنوحة هي إسو.)
إبس برو الرسمي يلتقط الخيارات "الجديدة" الممنوحة خلال العام.
أولا، يمكننا أن نرى أنه لا يزال لدينا أسهم عادية وأسهم مخففة، حيث تحاكي الأسهم المخففة ممارسة الخيارات الممنوحة سابقا. ثانيا، افترضنا أيضا أنه تم منح 000 5 خيار في السنة الحالية. لنفترض أن نموذجنا يقدر أنه يستحق 40٪ من سعر السهم البالغ 20 دولارا أمريكيا أو 8 دولارات أمريكية لكل خيار. وبالتالي فإن مجموع النفقات هو 40،000 $. ثالثا، منذ خياراتنا يحدث في سترة الهاوية في أربع سنوات، ونحن سوف إطفاء حساب على مدى السنوات الأربع المقبلة. هذا هو مبدأ مطابقة المحاسبة في العمل: الفكرة هي أن موظفنا سيتم تقديم الخدمات على مدى فترة الاستحقاق، وبالتالي فإن حساب يمكن أن تنتشر خلال تلك الفترة. (على الرغم من أننا لم نوضح ذلك، يسمح للشركات بتخفيض المصاريف تحسبا لمصادرة الخيار بسبب إنهاء خدمة الموظفين، فعلى سبيل المثال، يمكن أن تتوقع الشركة أن 20٪ من الخيارات الممنوحة سوف يتم مصادرتها وتخفيض النفقات وفقا لذلك).
تبلغ نفقاتنا السنوية الحالية لمنحة الخيارات 10،000 دولار أمريكي، وهي أول 25٪ من النفقات التي تبلغ 40،000 دولار أمريكي. وبالتالي فإن صافي دخلنا المعدل هو 000 290 دولار. نقسم هذا إلى أسهم مشتركة وأسهم مخففة لإنتاج المجموعة الثانية من أرقام إبس الشكلية. ويجب الكشف عنها في حاشية، ومن المرجح جدا أن تتطلب الاعتراف (في صلب بيان الدخل) عن السنوات المالية التي تبدأ بعد 15 ديسمبر / كانون الأول 2004.
هناك التقنية التي تستحق ذكرها: استخدمنا نفس قاعدة الأسهم المخففة لكل من حسابات إبس المخففة (إبس المخففة والمخفضة إبس المخففة). من الناحية الفنية، يتم زيادة قاعدة األسهم بشكل إجباري) البند الرابع من التقرير المالي أعاله (بشكل إضافي من خالل عدد األسهم التي يمكن شراؤها باستخدام "مصاريف التعويض غير المطفأة") أي، والفوائد الضريبية). ولذلك، في السنة الأولى، حيث أن مبلغ 000 10 دولار فقط من مصروفات الخيار البالغ 000 40 دولار قد قيد، فإن 000 30 دولار من الناحية النظرية قد يعيد شراء 500 1 سهم إضافي (000 30 دولار / 20 دولارا). هذا - في السنة الأولى - ينتج إجمالي عدد الأسهم المخففة من 105،400 و إبس المخفف من 2،75 $. ولكن في السنة الرابعة، كل شيء آخر على قدم المساواة، فإن 2.79 $ أعلاه سيكون صحيحا كما كنا قد أنجزت بالفعل صرف مبلغ 40،000 $. تذكر، وهذا ينطبق فقط على إبس المخفية إبس حيث نحن خيارات التكليف في البسط!
تعد خيارات التكليف مجرد محاولة أفضل لتقدير تكلفة الخيارات. المؤيدين الحق في القول بأن الخيارات هي تكلفة، وعد شيء أفضل من عد لا شيء. ولكن لا يمكن أن يدعي تقديرات النفقات دقيقة. النظر في شركتنا أعلاه. ماذا لو كان حمامة الأسهم إلى 6 $ في العام المقبل وبقيت هناك؟ ثم ستكون الخيارات غير مجدية تماما، ومن المتوقع أن تكون تقديرات النفقات الخاصة بنا مبالغة بشكل كبير في حين أن ربحية السهم ستكون أقل من قيمتها. على العكس من ذلك، إذا كان السهم أفضل مما كان متوقعا، فإن أرقام إبس لدينا قد مبالغ فيها لأن نفقاتنا قد تبين أن التقليل من شأنها.
كيفية تسجيل خيارات الأسهم في الميزانية العمومية.
تتطلب خيارات الأسهم من الموظف أداء الخدمات لفترة من الزمن (فترة الاستحقاق) للحصول على حق شراء أسهم الشركة. يجب ممارسة الخيارات في تاريخ معين (تاريخ التمرين) ويمكن شراء المخزون الأساسي بسعر محدد (ممارسة، هدف أو سعر الخيار). بعد إصدار خيارات الأسهم، ستقوم إدخالات دفتر اليومية بتخصيص تكاليف الخيارات خلال فترة استحقاق الموظف. يتم تسجيل هذا المصروف السنوي على قائمة الدخل وتحت حقوق المساهمين في الميزانية العمومية. عند ممارسة الخيارات أو انتهاء مدتها، سيتم اإلبالغ عن المبالغ ذات الصلة في الحسابات التي تشكل جزءا من قسم حقوق المساهمين في الميزانية العمومية.
كيفية تسجيل خيارات الأسهم.
سجل تخصيص التكلفة الدورية لخيار الأسهم. التكلفة الدورية هي قيمة خيارات الأسهم مقسوما على عدد سنوات الخدمة. تسجيل دخول دفتر اليومية الذي يقيد "مصروفات التعويض" (يتم تسجيل هذه المصاريف في بيان الدخل) والائتمانات "المدفوع إضافية في رأس المال - خيارات الأسهم" (حساب حقوق المساهمين المساهم في الميزانية العمومية). سجل هذه التكلفة سنويا طوال فترة استحقاق الموظف.
سجل ممارسة الخيار الأسهم. عند وصول تاريخ التمرين، يمكن للموظف ممارسة الخيار وشراء الأسهم العادية للشركة بسعر التمرين. ويتم تقييم الأسهم العادية على قدم المساواة، وهو مبلغ محدد بالدولار يستخدم لقيمة كل سهم من الأسهم العادية في الميزانية العمومية. عندما يتم بيع أو إعادة شراء الأسهم العادية، يكون عادة بسعر أعلى من القيمة الاسمية، وبالتالي يتم إضافة المبلغ الزائد على القيمة الاسمية إلى حساب "إضافي مدفوع في رأس المال". يتضمن تسجيل دفتر اليومية لتسجيل ممارسة الخيار ينطوي على خصم "النقدية" لعدد الأسهم المشتراة مضروبا في سعر الممارسة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يتم خصم "رأس المال المدفوع الإضافي - خيارات الأسهم" للرصيد المتراكم في الحساب على مدى فترة الاستحقاق والائتمان "الأسهم العادية" لعدد الأسهم المشتراة مضروبا في القيمة الاسمية للسهم. أما الرصيد المتبقي فهو "رأس المال المدفوع الإضافي الذي يزيد عن القيمة العادية (الأسهم العادية)" للمبلغ المطلوب لتحقيق التوازن بين إدخال دفتر اليومية.
سجل انتهاء صلاحية الخيارات، إن أمكن. إذا لم يتم ممارسة خيار الأسهم في تاريخ ممارسته، فإنه سوف تنتهي أو في بعض الأحيان فقط يتم شراء بعض الأسهم التي يقدمها الخيار. إذا انتهت صلاحية الخيارات، يجب تحويل الرصيد في حساب "الخيارات الإضافية في رأس المال - خيارات الأسهم" إلى حساب "خيارات إضافية مدفوعة في رأس المال - خيارات الأسهم المنتهية الصلاحية". من خلال خصم حساب خيارات الأسهم واعتماد حساب خيارات الأسهم المنتهية الصلاحية، يتم إعادة تصنيف التكلفة ضمن قسم حقوق المساهمين في الميزانية العمومية. عندما يمارس جزء من أسهم الخيار وينتهي جزء، يخصص التكاليف كما هو مبين في الخطوتين 2 و 3 على أساس عدد الأسهم المشتراة والقيمة المتبقية للخيار الذي انتهت صلاحيته.
المراجع.
المالية: مراجعة امتحان كبا؛ ديفري / بيكر للتنمية التعليمية كورب؛ 2009.
عن المؤلف.
إيلين روجاس حاصل على درجة البكالوريوس والماجستير في المحاسبة من جامعة فلوريدا الدولية. لديها أكثر من 10 عاما من الخبرة مجتمعة في التدقيق والمحاسبة والتحليل المالي وكتابة الأعمال.
قروض الصورة.
كومستوك / كومستوك / جيتي الصور.
استشهد بهذه المادة.
اختر نمط الاقتباس.
مقالات ذات صلة.
المزيد من المقالات.
كوبيرايت & كوبي؛ ليف غروب Ltd.، جميع الحقوق محفوظة.
إيضاحات حول البيانات المالية المجمعة - التقرير السنوي 2008.
التنقل الهرمي.
1 - أساس العرض.
السنة المالية لشركة سيسكو سيستمز، Inc. (& لدكو؛ كومباني & رديقو؛ أو & لدكو؛ سيسكو & رديقو؛) هي 52 أو 53 أسبوعا تنتهي في آخر يوم سبت من شهر تموز (يوليو). وكانت السنوات المالية 2008 و 2007 و 2006 سنة مالية 52 أسبوعا. تتضمن البيانات المالية الموحدة حسابات سيسكو وشركاتها التابعة. وقد تم القضاء على جميع الحسابات والمعاملات بين كبيرة. تمارس الشركة أعمالها على مستوى العالم وتتم إدارتها بشكل أساسي على أساس جغرافي في المسارح التالية: الولايات المتحدة وكندا؛ الأسواق الأوروبية؛ الأسواق النامية؛ آسيا والمحيط الهادئ؛ واليابان. يتكون مسرح الأسواق الناشئة من أوروبا الشرقية وأمريكا اللاتينية والشرق الأوسط وأفريقيا وروسيا وكومنولث الدول المستقلة.
2. ملخص السياسات المحاسبية الهامة.
(أ) النقدية وما يعادلها.
تأخذ الشركة في االعتبار جميع االستثمارات عالية السيولة المشتراة باستحقاق أصلي أو باقي أقل من ثالثة أشهر في تاريخ الشراء لتكون مكافئات نقدية. يتم االحتفاظ بالنقد والنقد المعادل مع مؤسسات مالية مختلفة.
(ب) الاستثمارات.
وتشمل استثمارات الشركة الأوراق المالية الحكومية والحكومية، وسندات دين الشركات، والأوراق المالية المدعومة بالأصول، والسندات البلدية والسندات، والأوراق المالية المتداولة في البورصة. وهذه الاستثمارات محتفظ بها لدى عدة مؤسسات مالية رئيسية. يتم استخدام طريقة التحديد المحددة لتحديد أساس التكلفة لألوراق المالية ذات الدخل الثابت المستبعدة. يتم استخدام طريقة المتوسط المرجح لتحديد أساس التكلفة لالستثمارات في األسهم المتداولة في البورصة. في 26 يوليو 2008 و 28 يوليو 2007، تم تصنيف استثمارات الشركة كاستثمارات متاحة للبيع وتدرج هذه االستثمارات في أوراق الرصيد الموحدة بالقيمة العادلة. يتم إدراج األرباح والخسائر غير المحققة من هذه االستثمارات، إلى الحد الذي ال يتم فيه تحويل االستثمارات، كعنصر منفصل في الدخل الشامل اآلخر المتراكم، بعد خصم الضريبة.
تقوم الشركة بإدراج مخصص انخفاض القيمة عندما يكون هناك انخفاض في القيمة العادلة الستثماراتها أقل من أساس التكلفة على أنها غير مؤقتة. تأخذ الشرکة بعین الاعتبار العوامل المختلفة لتحدید ما إذا کان یجب الاعتراف بمخصص الانخفاض في القیمة، بما في ذلك طول الفترة والمدى الذي کانت فیھ القیمة العادلة أقل من تکلفة الشرکة والوضع المالي والتوقعات القریبة الأجل للشرکة المستثمر فیھا، نية الشركة وقدرتها على الاحتفاظ بالاستثمار لفترة من الوقت كافية للسماح بأي انتعاش متوقع في القيمة السوقية.
لدى الشركة أيضا استثمارات في شركات خاصة. يتم إدراج هذه االستثمارات في الموجودات األخرى في أوراق الرصيد الموحدة ويتم إدراجها بالدرجة األولى بالتكلفة. تقوم الشركة بمراقبة هذه االستثمارات لالنخفاض في القيمة وإجراء تخفيضات مناسبة في القيم الدفترية إذا ما قررت الشركة أن مخصص االنخفاض في القيمة مطلوب بشكل رئيسي على الوضع المالي والتوقعات القريبة األجل لهذه الشركات.
(ج) المخزونات.
وتظهر المخزونات بالتكلفة أو بالسوق أيهما أقل. وتحسب التكلفة باستخدام التكلفة القياسية، التي تقارب التكلفة الفعلية، على أساس أولا، أولا. تقدم الشركة تخفيضا للمخزون على أساس المخزونات الزائدة والمتقادمة التي تحددها بشكل رئيسي توقعات الطلب المستقبلية. يتم قياس االنخفاض على أنه الفرق بني تكلفة املخزون والسوق بناء على االفتراضات حول الطلب املستقبلي ويتم تحميله على مخصص املخزون وهو عنصر من عناصر تكلفة املبيعات. وعند نقطة الاعتراف بالخسائر، يتم وضع أساس جديد أقل تكلفة لهذا المخزون، ولا تؤدي التغييرات اللاحقة في الوقائع والظروف إلى استعادة أو زيادة في أساس التكلفة المعمول به حديثا. باإلضافة إلى ذلك، تسجل الشركة التزاما بشأن التزامات الشراء التي ال يمكن إلغاؤها وغير المشروطة مع مصنعي العقود والموردين للكميات التي تتجاوز توقعات الشركة المستقبلية للطلب بما يتفق مع تقييمها للمخزون الزائد والمتقادم.
(د) مخصصات الحسابات المشكوك في تحصيلها.
ويستند مخصص الحسابات المشكوك في تحصيلها إلى تقييم الشركة لحصيلة حسابات العملاء. تقوم الشركة بمراجعة البدل بشكل منتظم من خالل دراسة عوامل مثل الخبرة التاريخية وجودة االئتمان وعمر أرصدة المدينين والظروف االقتصادية الحالية التي قد تؤثر على قدرة العميل على الدفع.
(ه) تمويل الذمم المدينة والضمانات.
تقدم الشركة ترتيبات التمويل، بما في ذلك عقود اإليجار وعقود الخدمات الممولة والقروض لبعض العمالء المؤهلين لبناء وصيانة وتحديث شبكاتهم. متثل عقود ا لإيجار املدينة اأساسا عقود اإيجار مباسرة ومتويل مباسر. وعادة ما تكون عقود اإليجار والقروض من سنتين إلى ثالث سنوات وعادة ما تكون مضمونة بحصة ضمنية في األصول ذات الصلة. تحتفظ الشركة بمخصص لمديني التمويل غير القابل للتحصيل بناء على مجموعة متنوعة من العوامل، بما في ذلك تصنيف مخاطر المحفظة، وظروف االقتصاد الكلي، والخبرة التاريخية، وعوامل السوق األخرى. كما تقدم الشركة ضمانات التمويل، والتي عادة ما تكون لمختلف ترتيبات التمويل من طرف ثالث لتوجيه الشركاء والزبائن الآخرين. يمكن أن يطلب من الشركة الدفع بموجب هذه الضمانات في حالة عدم الدفع إلى الطرف الثالث. انظر الملاحظة 6.
(و) الاستهلاك والإطفاء.
تدرج الممتلكات والمعدات بالتكلفة ناقصا االستهالك واإلطفاء المتراكم. يتم احتساب االستهالك واإلطفاء باستخدام طريقة القسط الثابت على مدى الفترات التالية:
(ز) الشهرة والأصول غير الملموسة المشتراة.
يتم اختبار الشهرة لتحديد االنخفاض في القيمة على أساس سنوي وخلال الفترة بين االختبارات السنوية في ظروف معينة ويتم تخفيضها عند انخفاض قيمتها. بناء على اختبارات االنخفاض في القيمة التي تم إجراؤها، لم يكن هناك انخفاض في قيمة الشهرة في السنة المالية 2008 أو 2007 أو 2006. يتم إطفاء الموجودات غير الملموسة المشتراة غير الشهرة على مدى أعمارها اإلنتاجية إال إذا تم تحديد هذه األعمار على أنها غير محددة. تدرج الموجودات غير الملموسة المشتراة بالتكلفة ناقصا اإلطفاء المتراكم. يتم احتساب اإلطفاء على مدى األعمار اإلنتاجية المقدرة للموجودات ذات الصلة، وعادة ما يكون ذلك من سنتين إلى سبع سنوات.
(ح) انخفاض قيمة الأصول الطويلة الأجل.
يتم مراجعة املوجودات طويلة األجل وبعض املوجودات غير امللموسة احملددة التي سيتم االحتفاظ بها واستخدامها لتحديد االنخفاض في القيمة عندما تشير األحداث أو التغيرات في الظروف إلى أن القيمة الدفترية لتلك املوجودات قد ال تكون قابلة لالسترداد. يستند تحديد قابلية استرداد الموجودات طويلة األجل إلى تقدير التدفقات النقدية المستقبلية غير المخصومة الناتجة عن استخدام األصل وتخلصه في نهاية المطاف. إن قياس خسارة انخفاض القيمة للموجودات طويلة األجل وبعض الموجودات غير الملموسة المحددة التي تتوقع اإلدارة االحتفاظ بها واستخدامها تستند إلى القيمة العادلة لألصل. يتم تسجيل الموجودات طويلة األجل وبعض الموجودات غير الملموسة القابلة للتحديد التي يتم استبعادها بالقيمة الدفترية أو القيمة العادلة ناقصا تكاليف البيع أيهما أقل.
(ط) الأدوات المشتقة.
تقوم الشركة بإدراج األدوات المالية المشتقة كموجودات أو مطلوبات وتقيس تلك األدوات بالقيمة العادلة. إن احتساب التغيرات في القيمة العادلة للمشتقات يعتمد على االستخدام المقصود للمشتقات والتسمية الناتجة. بالنسبة لألدوات المالية المشتقة المصنفة كتحوط للقيمة العادلة، يتم االعتراف بالربح أو الخسارة في األرباح في فترة التغيير مع خسارة أو ربح المقاصة على بند التحوط المنسوب إلى المخاطر التي يتم التحوط لها. بالنسبة لأداة مشتقة مخصصة كتحوط للتدفقات النقدية، فإن الجزء الفعال من أرباح أو خسائر المشتقات يتم إدراجه مبدئيا كمكون من الإيرادات الشاملة الأخرى المتراكمة ويعاد تصنيفه لاحقا إلى أرباح عندما يؤثر التعرض المحوط على الأرباح. يتم تسجيل الجزء غير الفعال من الربح أو الخسارة في الأرباح مباشرة. بالنسبة لألدوات المالية المشتقة التي لم يتم تصنيفها كمحاسبة محاسبية، يتم إدراج التغيرات في القيمة العادلة في األرباح في فترة التغيير.
(ي) القيمة العادلة للأدوات المالية.
إن القيمة العادلة لبعض األدوات المالية للشركة، بما في ذلك النقد وما في حكمه، والتعويضات المستحقة، والمطلوبات المتداولة األخرى، تقارب القيمة الدفترية بسبب تواريخ استحقاقها القصيرة. باإلضافة إلى ذلك، فإن القيمة العادلة لذمم القروض المدينة وعقود الخدمات الممولة تقارب أيضا القيمة الدفترية. يتم تحديد القيمة العادلة الستثمارات الدخل الثابت، واألوراق المالية المتداولة في البورصة، والديون طويلة األجل للشركة باستخدام أسعار السوق المدرجة لتلك األوراق المالية أو األدوات المالية المماثلة.
(ك) مصلحة الأقليات.
تقوم الشركة بتوطيد استثماراتها في صندوق استثماري تديره شركة سوفتبانك والشركات التابعة لها (& لدكو؛ سوفتبانك & رديقو؛). واعتبارا من 26 يوليو 2008، تمثل حصة الأقلية البالغة 49 مليون دولار حصة سوفتبانك من صندوق المشروع.
(ل) ترجمة العملات الأجنبية.
يتم تحويل الموجودات والمطلوبات للشركات التابعة غير التابعة للولايات المتحدة والتي تعمل في بيئة العملة المحلية، حيث تكون العملة المحلية هي العملة الوظيفية، إلى الدولار الأمريكي بأسعار الصرف السارية في تاريخ الميزانية العمومية، مع تسويات الترجمة الناتجة مباشرة إلى مكون منفصل للدخل الشامل اآلخر المتراكم. يتم تحويل حسابات اإليرادات والمصروفات بمتوسط أسعار الصرف خالل السنة. يتم تسجيل تعديالت إعادة القياس في اإليرادات) الخسائر (األخرى، بالصافي.
(م) تركيزات المخاطر.
يتم االحتفاظ بالنقد والنقد المعادل مع العديد من المؤسسات المالية. وقد تتجاوز الودائع املودعة لدى البنوك مبلغ التاأمني املقدم على هذه الودائع. وبصفة عامة، يمكن استرداد هذه الودائع عند الطلب ويتم االحتفاظ بها لدى مؤسسات مالية ذات ائتمان جيد، وبالتالي تحمل مخاطر ائتمانية محدودة. وتسعى الشركة للتخفيف من هذه المخاطر عن طريق نشر مخاطرها عبر أطراف متعددة ومراقبة بيانات المخاطر لهذه األطراف المقابلة.
تقوم الشركة بإجراء تقييمات ائتمانية مستمرة لعمالئها، وباستثناء بعض عمليات التمويل، ال تتطلب ضمانات من عمالئها. عملاء الشركة هم في المقام الأول في المؤسسة، مزود الخدمة، والأسواق التجارية. وتتلقى الشركة بعض مكوناتها من الموردين الوحيدين. باإلضافة إلى ذلك، تعتمد الشركة على عدد محدود من مصنعي العقود والموردين لتقديم خدمات التصنيع لمنتجاتها. إن عدم قدرة الشركة المصنعة للعقد أو المورد على الوفاء بمتطلبات التوريد الخاصة بالشركة قد تؤثر بشكل جوهري على نتائج التشغيل المستقبلية.
(ن) الاعتراف بالإيرادات.
يتم دمج منتجات الشركة بشكل عام مع البرامج الضرورية لوظيفة الجهاز. باإلضافة إلى ذلك، تقدم الشركة ترقيات وبرامج غير محددة تتعلق بالمعدات من خالل عقود الصيانة الخاصة بمعظم منتجاتها. وبناء على ذلك، تقوم الشركة بحساب الإيرادات وفقا لبيان المركز رقم 97-2، & لدكو؛ التعرف على إيرادات البرامج، & رديقو؛ وجميع التفسيرات ذات الصلة. بالنسبة لمبيعات المنتجات التي يكون فيها البرنامج عرضيا للمعدات، أو في ترتيبات الاستضافة، تطبق الشركة أحكام نشرة محاسبة الموظفين رقم 104، ودكو؛ الاعتراف بالإيرادات، & رديقو؛ وجميع التفسيرات ذات الصلة.
تقوم الشركة بإثبات اإليرادات عند وجود أدلة مقنعة على وجود ترتيب، أو حدوث التسليم، أو تحديد الرسوم أو تحديدها، ويتم التأكد من تحصيلها بشكل معقول. في الحالات التي يتم فيها تحديد القبول النهائي للمنتج أو النظام أو الحل من قبل العميل، يتم تأجيل الإيرادات حتى يتم استيفاء جميع معايير القبول. وتؤجل إيرادات خدمات الدعم التقني وتدرج بصورة خاطئة خلال الفترة التي يتعين خلالها أداء الخدمات، وهي عادة ما تتراوح بين سنة وثلاث سنوات. يتم إثبات إيرادات الخدمات المتقدمة عند التسليم أو إتمام الأداء.
عندما يتضمن البيع عناصر متعددة، مثل مبيعات المنتجات التي تتضمن خدمات، يتم توزيع الرسم بالكامل من الترتيب على كل عنصر على حدة استنادا إلى قيمته العادلة النسبية ويتم إثباته عند استيفاء معايير تحقق اإليرادات لكل عنصر. يتم تحديد القيمة العادلة لكل عنصر على أساس سعر البيع المحمل عند بيع نفس العنصر بشكل منفصل.
تستخدم الشركة الموزعين أن المخزون المخزون وعادة ما تبيع إلى تكامل النظم ومقدمي الخدمات، والبائعين الآخرين. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، يتم بيع بعض المنتجات من خلال شركاء التجزئة. وتشیر الشرکة إلی ھذه المبیعات من خلال الموزعين وشركاء التجزئة باعتبارھا نظاما من مستویین من المبیعات إلی العملاء النھائیین. يتم االعتراف باإليرادات من الموزعين وشركاء التجزئة على أساس طريقة البيع من خالل استخدام المعلومات المقدمة من قبلهم. ويشارك الموزعون وشركاء التجزئة في مختلف برامج التسويق التعاوني وغيرها من البرامج، وتحتفظ الشركة بالمستحقات والبدلات المقدرة لهذه البرامج. وتستحق الشركة تكاليف الضمان وعوائد المبيعات والبدلات الأخرى بناء على خبرتها السابقة.
(س) تكاليف الإعلان.
تتحمل الشركة جميع تكاليف الإعلان عند تكبدها. لم تكن تكاليف الإعلان جوهرية لجميع السنوات المعروضة.
(ع) مصروفات التعويض على أساس الأسهم.
يتطلب المعيار سفاس 123 (R) قياس واعتراف مصاريف التعويض لجميع مكافآت الدفع على أساس الأسهم للموظفين والموظفين بما في ذلك خيارات الأسهم للموظفين ومشتريات أسهم الموظفين المتعلقة بخطة شراء الأسهم للموظفين (& لدكو؛ حقوق شراء الأسهم للموظفين & رديقو؛) على أساس عن القيم العادلة المقدرة. ويتطلب هذا المعيار من الشركات تقدير القيمة العادلة لمنح الدفع على أساس األسهم في تاريخ المنح باستخدام نموذج تسعير الخيارات. يتم االعتراف بقيمة المكافآت التي يتوقع في نهاية المطاف الحصول عليها كمصروف على مدى فترات الخدمة المطلوبة في بيانات الشركة الموحدة.
تتضمن مصاريف التعويضات على أساس األسهم المعترف بها في بيانات الشركة الموحدة للعمليات لجميع السنوات المقدمة مصاريف التعويض عن مكافآت الدفع على أساس األسهم الممنوحة قبل 30 يوليو 2005 ولكن لم يتم تحديدها حتى تاريخه بناء على القيمة العادلة بتاريخ المنح المقدر وفقا للأحکام الشكلية للاتفاقية رقم 123، ونفقات التعويض عن منح المدفوعات علی أساس الأسهم الممنوحة بعد 30 يوليو 2005 علی أساس القيمة العادلة لتاريخ المنحة المقدرة وفقاً للأحکام رقم 123 (R). وبالتزامن مع اعتماد المعيار رقم 123 في بداية السنة المالية 2006، غيرت الشركة طريقة توزيع قيمة التعويض القائم على الأسهم إلى المصروفات من نهج الخيارات المتعددة المتسارع إلى طريقة الخيار الوحيد المستقيم . سوف يستمر احتساب مصاريف التعويض لجميع مكافآت الدفع على أساس األسهم الممنوحة في أو قبل 30 يوليو 2005 باستخدام نهج الخيار المتعدد المعجل في حين يتم احتساب مصاريف التعويض لجميع مكافآت الدفع على أساس األسهم الممنوحة بعد 30 يوليو 2005 باستخدام طريقة خط واحد ذات خيار مستقيم. ولأن مصروفات التعويضات على أساس الأسهم المعترف بها في بيانات العمليات الموحدة تستند إلى التعويضات التي يتوقع في نهاية المطاف الحصول عليها، فقد خفضت بسبب المصادرة.
وبعد اعتماد المعيار رقم 123 (R)، قامت الشركة أيضا بتغيير طريقة تقييمها للمنح التي تمنح على أساس الأسهم والتي تم منحها ابتداء من السنة المالية 2006 إلى نموذج تسعير الخيارات بين الأحرف والشعرية (من طراز بلاك-سكولز) نموذج تسعير الخيارات (& لدكو؛ بلاك-سكولز موديل & رديقو؛) والذي كان يستخدم سابقا في المعلومات النموذجية المطلوبة من قبل شركة سفاس 123. تحدد الشركة القيمة العادلة لجوائز الدفع المستندة إلى الأسهم في تاريخ المنحة باستخدام يتأثر نموذج تسعير الخيارات بسعر سهم الشركة وكذلك الافتراضات المتعلقة بعدد من المتغيرات البالغة التعقيد والذاتية. وتشمل هذه المتغيرات، على سبيل المثال لا الحصر، تقلبات أسعار الأسهم المتوقعة للشركة على مدى فترة الجوائز والسلوكيات الفعلية والخطوات المتوقعة لأسهم الموظفين. تم تطوير نماذج تسعير الخيارات الستخدامها في تقدير قيمة الخيارات المتداولة التي ليس لها قيود استحقاق أو تغطية وتحويلها بالكامل. ونظرا لأن خيارات أسهم الموظفين في الشركة لها خصائص معينة تختلف اختلافا كبيرا عن الخيارات المتداولة ولأن التغييرات في الافتراضات الذاتية يمكن أن تؤثر بشكل جوهري على القيمة المقدرة، فإن الإدارة في رأيها قد لا توفر مقياسا دقيقا القيمة العادلة لخيارات أسهم الموظفين في الشركة. على الرغم من أن القيمة العادلة لخيارات أسهم الموظفين يتم تحديدها وفقا ل ساس 123 (R) و ساب 107 باستخدام نموذج تسعير الخيارات، فإن هذه القيمة قد لا تكون مؤشرا على القيمة العادلة التي تمت ملاحظتها في معاملة مستعدة للسوق / البائع على استعداد.
وقد اختارت الشركة تطبيق طريقة التحول البديلة المنصوص عليها في فاسب مركز الموظفين رقم فاس 123 (R) -3 & لدكو؛ الانتقال الانتخابات المتعلقة المحاسبة عن الآثار الضريبية من المدفوعات على أساس الأسهم جوائز & رديقو؛ لحساب الآثار الضريبية للتعويضات على أساس الأسهم وفقا ل سفاس 123 (R). تتضمن طريقة النقل البديلة طرقا مبسطة لتحديد الرصيد الأولي لمجمع رأس المال الإضافي المدفوع (& نبسب؛ & نبسب؛ & نبسب؛ & نبسب؛ & نبسب؛ & نبسب؛ & نبسب؛ & نبسب؛ تجمع أبيك & رديقو؛ البيانات الموحدة للتدفقات النقدية للتأثيرات الضريبية لمنح تعويضات الموظفين القائمة على أساس الأسهم والتي لا تزال معلقة عند اعتماد المعيار رقم 123 (R).
(ف) تكاليف تطوير البرمجيات.
تكاليف تطوير البرمجيات المطلوب رسملتها وفقا لبيان معايير المحاسبة المالية رقم 86، & لدكو؛ المحاسبة عن تكاليف برامج الكمبيوتر ليتم بيعها أو تأجيرها أو تسويقها بطريقة أخرى، & رديقو؛ لم تكن جوهرية حتى الآن. تكاليف تطوير البرمجيات للاستخدام الداخلي المطلوب رسملتها وفقا لبيان الموقف رقم 98-1، & لدكو؛ المحاسبة عن تكاليف برامج الكمبيوتر التي تم تطويرها أو الحصول عليها للاستخدام الداخلي، & رديقو؛ لم تكن كذلك حتى الآن.
(ص) ضريبة الدخل.
يستند مصروف ضريبة الدخل على الدخل المحاسبي قبل الضريبة. يتم االعتراف بالموجودات والمطلوبات الضريبية المؤجلة للعواقب الضريبية المتوقعة للفروقات المؤقتة بين األسس الضريبية للموجودات والمطلوبات والمبالغ المدرجة لها. یتم تسجیل مخصصات التقییم لتخفیض الموجودات الضریبیة المؤجلة إلی المبلغ الذي من المرجح أن یتحقق.
في 29 يوليو 2007، اعتمدت الشركة فين 48، وهو تغيير في المحاسبة عن ضرائب الدخل. يحتوي برنامج فين 48 على نهج من خطوتين للاعتراف وقياس المواقف الضريبية غير المؤكدة التي تم احتسابها وفقا للمعيار 109. الخطوة الأولى هي تقييم الوضع الضريبي للاعتراف من خلال تحديد ما إذا كان وزن الأدلة المتاحة يشير إلى أنه من المرجح أكثر من أن يتم الحفاظ على الموقف على مراجعة الحسابات، بما في ذلك حل الطعون ذات الصلة أو إجراءات التقاضي، إن وجدت. والخطوة الثانية هي قياس المنفعة الضريبية باعتبارها أكبر مبلغ يحتمل أن يحققه أكثر من 50٪ عند التسوية. تقوم الشركة بتصنيف االلتزام المتعلق بالمزايا الضريبية غير المعترف بها كطرف حالي إلى الحد الذي تتوقع فيه الشركة دفع) أو استلام (النقد خالل سنة واحدة. يتم االعتراف بالفائدة والعقوبات المتعلقة بالمراكز الضريبية غير المؤكدة في مخصص ضريبة الدخل. انظر الملاحظة 13.
(ق) احتساب صافي الدخل للسهم الواحد.
يتم احتساب صافي دخل السهم األساسي باستخدام المتوسط المرجح لعدد األسهم العادية القائمة خالل الفترة. يتم احتساب صافي ربح السهم المخفف باستخدام المتوسط المرجح لعدد األسهم العادية واألسهم العادية المحتملة المخففة القائمة خالل الفترة. وتتكون األسهم العادية املخففة املحتملة أساسا من خيارات أسهم املوظفني واملخزون املقيود ووحدات املخزون املقيدة.
بيان معايير المحاسبة المالية رقم 128، & لدكو؛ العائد على السهم، & رديقو؛ يتطلب أن يتم التعامل مع خيارات أسهم حقوق الملكية للموظفين والأسهم غير المكتسبة وأدوات حقوق الملكية المماثلة الممنوحة من قبل الشركة على أنها أسهم عادية محتملة قائمة في حساب ربحية السهم المخففة. تتضمن األسهم المخففة القائمة التأثير المخفف للخيارات المتاحة في المال والذي يتم احتسابه على أساس متوسط سعر السهم لكل فترة مالية باستخدام طريقة أسهم الخزينة. وفقا لطريقة أسهم الخزانة، يجب على املبلغ الذي يجب على املوظف دفعه ملمارسة خيارات األسهم، ومبلغ تكلفة التعويض عن اخلدمة املستقبلية التي لم تعترف بها الشركة بعد، ومقدار املزايا الضريبية التي سيتم تسجيلها في رأس املال املدفوع اإلضافي عندما ويصبح من المفترض أن يتم خصمها لاستخدامها لإعادة شراء الأسهم.
(ر) توحید کیانات الفوائد المتغیرة.
أصدر مجلس معايير المحاسبة المالية تفسيرات فاسب رقم 46، ودكو؛ توحيد كيانات الفائدة المتغيرة & رديقو؛ (ودكو؛ فين 46 & رديقو؛)، في يناير 2003. يتطلب فين 46 أنه إذا كان الكيان هو المستفيد الأساسي من كيان متغير الفائدة، فيجب أن تدرج الأصول والخصوم ونتائج عمليات الكيان المتغير الفائدة في البيانات المالية الموحدة بيانات الكيان. تفسير فاسب رقم 46 (R)، & لدكو؛ توحيد كيانات الفائدة المتغيرة & رديقو؛ (& لدكو؛ فين 46 (R) & رديقو؛) في ديسمبر 2003. اعتمدت الشركة فين 46 (R) اعتبارا من 24 يناير 2004. للحصول على معلومات إضافية حول الكيانات ذات الفائدة المتغيرة، انظر الملاحظة 10.
(ش) استخدام التقديرات.
إن إعداد البيانات المالية والإفصاحات المتعلقة بها وفقا للمبادئ المحاسبية المقبولة عموما في الولايات المتحدة يتطلب من الإدارة عمل تقديرات وأحكام تؤثر على المبالغ المدرجة في البيانات المالية الموحدة والملاحظات المرفقة بها. وتستخدم التقديرات فيما يلي، من بين أمور أخرى:
تحقق اإليرادات مخصصات الحسابات المشكوك في تحصيلها وعائدات المبيعات تقييم المخزون والمسؤولية عن االلتزامات بالشراء مع المصنعين والموردين المتعاقد معهم تكاليف الضمان مصاريف التعويض على أساس األسهم إنخفاض قيمة االستثمارات انخفاض قيمة الشهرة خسائر الدخل خسائر الطوارئ.
إن النتائج الفعلية التي تتعرض لها الشركة قد تختلف جوهريا عن تقديرات اإلدارة.
'5' الإعلانات المحاسبية الأخيرة.
في سبتمبر 2006، أصدر فاسب سفاس رقم 157، & لدكو؛ قياسات القيمة العادلة & رديقو؛ (& لدكو؛ سفاس 157 & رديقو؛). ويعرف المعيار سفاس 157 القيمة العادلة، ويضع إطارا لقياس القيمة العادلة، ويعزز اإلفصاح عن قياس القيمة العادلة. في فبراير 2008، أصدرت الهيئة فاسب مركز الموظفين (فسب) 157-1، & لدكو؛ تطبيق بيان فاسب رقم 157 إلى بيان فاسب رقم 13 والإقرارات المحاسبية الأخرى التي تعالج قياسات القيمة العادلة لأغراض تصنيف الإيجار أو القياس تحت البيان 13 & رديقو؛ (& لدكو؛ فسب 157-1 & رديقو؛) و فسب 157-2، & لدكو؛ التاريخ الفعلي ل فاسب بيان رقم 157 & رديقو؛ (& لدكو؛ فسب 157-2 & رديقو؛). يقوم مقدم الخدمات المالية 157-1 بتعديل المرفق رقم 157 لإزالة بعض معاملات التأجير من نطاقه. يؤخر مقدم الخدمة المالية 157-2 من تاريخ سريان مفعول المعيار رقم 157 لجميع الأصول غير المالية والالتزامات غير المالية، باستثناء البنود التي يتم الاعتراف بها أو الإفصاح عنها بالقيمة العادلة في البيانات المالية على أساس متكرر (سنويا على الأقل)، حتى بداية أول ربع السنة المالية 2018. إن متطلبات القياس والإفصاح المتعلقة بالموجودات المالية والمطلوبات المالية تكون سارية المفعول للشركة في الربع الأول من السنة المالية 2009. ومن غير المتوقع أن يكون لتطبيق معيار المحاسبة المالية رقم 157 للموجودات المالية والمطلوبات المالية تأثير جوهري على نتائج الشركة أو مركزها المالي. تقوم الشركة حاليا بتقييم األثر الذي سيتركه المعيار رقم 157 على نتائج عملياته ومركزه المالي عند تطبيقه على الموجودات غير المالية والمطلوبات غير المالية التي تبدأ في الربع األول من السنة المالية 2018.
في فبراير 2007، أصدر فاسب رقم 159، ودكو؛ خيار القيمة العادلة للأصول المالية والمطلوبات المالية و [مدش]؛ بما في ذلك تعديل بيان فاسب رقم 115 & رديقو؛ (& لدكو؛ سفاس 159 & رديقو؛). ومن المتوقع أن یوسع استخدام نظام المحاسبة المالیة رقم 159 استخدام محاسبة القیمة العادلة ولکن لا یؤثر علی المعاییر الحالیة التي تتطلب أن یتم إدراج موجودات أو مطلوبات معینة بالقیمة العادلة. والهدف من هذا المعيار هو تحسين التقارير المالية من خلال تزويد الشركات بفرصة للتخفيف من التقلبات في الأرباح المبلغ عنها الناجمة عن قياس الأصول والالتزامات ذات الصلة بشكل مختلف دون الحاجة إلى تطبيق أحكام محاسبة التحوط المعقدة. وبموجب نظام المحاسبة المالية رقم 159، يجوز للشركة أن تختار، في تواريخ انتخابية محددة، قياس البنود المؤهلة بالقيمة العادلة والإبلاغ عن الأرباح والخسائر غير المحققة على البنود التي تم اختيار خيار القيمة العادلة فيها في الأرباح في تاريخ كل تقرير لاحق. يسري سفس 159 على السركة يف الربع الأول من السنة املالية 2009، وليس من املتوقع اأن يكون له تاأثري مادي على نتائج السركة اأو مركزها املايل.
سفاس 141 (R) و سفاس 160.
في ديسمبر 2007، أصدر فاسب رقم 141 (مراجعة 2007)، & لدكو؛ دمج الأعمال & رديقو؛ (& لدكو؛ سفاس 141 (R) & رديقو؛) و سفاس رقم 160، & لدكو؛ الحصص غير المتحكم بها في البيانات المالية الموحدة & مداش؛ تعديل رقم أرب 51 & رديقو؛ (& لدكو؛ سفاس 160 & رديقو؛). سيغير المعيار رقم 142 (R) بشكل كبير الممارسات الحالية المتعلقة بدمج الأعمال. ومن بين التغييرات الأآثر أهمية، يمدد المعيار رقم 141 (R) تعريف الأعمال التجارية ودمج الأعمال؛ يتطلب من المستحوذ االعتراف بالموجودات المكتسبة والمطلوبات المفترضة والمصالح غير المتحكم بها) بما في ذلك الشهرة (، والتي يتم قياسها بالقيمة العادلة في تاريخ االستحواذ. يتطلب إدراج المصاريف المتعلقة بعملية الاقتناء وتكاليف إعادة الهيكلة بشكل منفصل عن دمج الأعمال؛ يتطلب االعتراف باألصول المقتناة والمطلوبات المفترضة من الطوارئ التعاقدية وغير التعاقدية بالقيمة العادلة في تاريخ االستحواذ مع إدراج التغيرات الالحقة في األرباح؛ ويتطلب رسملة عملية قيد التطوير وتطورها بالقيمة العادلة كموجودات غير ملموسة غير محددة األجل. سيغير المعيار سفاس 160 المحاسبة والإبلاغ عن حقوق الأقلية، والإبلاغ عنها كحقوق ملكية منفصلة عن حقوق ملكية الشركة الأم، وكذلك تتطلب إفصاحات موسعة. يسري هذا المعيار على البيانات المالية الصادرة للسنوات المالية التي تبدأ بعد 15 ديسمبر 2008. وتقوم الشركة حاليا بتقييم التأثير الذي سيترتب على نتائج كل من ساس 141 (R) و سفاس 160 على نتائج عملياتها ومركزها المالي .
في مارس 2008، أصدر البنك فاسب رقم 161، ودكو؛ الإفصاحات حول الأدوات المشتقة وأنشطة التحوط، وتعديل بيان فاسب رقم 133 & رديقو؛ (& لدكو؛ سفاس 161 & رديقو؛)، الأمر الذي يتطلب إفصاحات إضافية حول أهداف استخدام الأدوات المشتقة؛ الطريقة التي يتم من خاللها المحاسبة عن األدوات المشتقة والبنود المتحوط لها ذات الصلة في البيان رقم 133 من فاسب والتفسيرات ذات الصلة. وأثر األدوات المالية المشتقة والبنود المتحوط لها ذات الصلة على المركز المالي واألداء المالي والتدفقات النقدية. كما يتطلب المعيار إفصاحات عن القيمة العادلة لألدوات المالية المشتقة وأرباحها وخسائرها في شكل جدول. يسري هذا المعيار على البيانات المالية الصادرة للسنوات المالية والفترات المرحلية التي تبدأ بعد 15 نوفمبر 2008، مع التشجيع المبكر. تقوم الشركة حاليا بتقييم األثر الذي سيترتب على اعتماد معيار المحاسبة المالي رقم 161 على إفصاحات البيانات المالية.
(ث) إعادة التصنيف.
وقد أجريت بعض عمليات إعادة التصنيف لأرصدة السنة السابقة لتتوافق مع عرض السنة الحالية.
3. دمج الأعمال.
(أ) عمليات الشراء.
وبموجب شروط الاتفاقات النهائية المتعلقة بعمليات شراء وشراء الأصول التي أنجزتها الشركة خلال الفترة المالية 2008 و 2007 و 2006، تألفت عملية الشراء من واحد أو أكثر من النقود وأسهم أسهم سيسكو العادية وخيارات الأسهم المكتسبة بالكامل يفترض.
وفيما يلي ملخص لعمليات الشراء وشراء الأصول التي أنجزت في السنة المالية 2008 و 2007 و 2006 على النحو التالي (بالملايين):
ويخصص أيضا مبلغ الشراء لعمليات شراء المشتريات وعمليات شراء الأصول إلى الأصول الملموسة المستحوذ عليها والمطلوبات المفترضة.
2008 المالية.
استحوذت الشركة على شركة نافيني نيتوركس، Inc. لتوسيع نطاق حلول ويماكس للشركة لمقدمي الخدمات. وقد استحوذت الشركة على شركة سيكورنت (إنكوربوراتد إنك) لتسمح للشركة بتقديم حلول برمجيات إدارة زبائنها للشركات، والتي تم تصميمها للسماح للشركات بإدارة وإنفاذ ومراجعة إمكانية الوصول إلى البيانات والاتصالات والتطبيقات عبر أنواع مختلفة من تكنولوجيا المعلومات ).
فيسكال 2007.
استحوذت الشركة على أرويو فيديو سولوتيونس، Inc. لتمكين شركات النقل من تسريع عملية إنشاء وتوزيع وسائل الترفيه التي تقدمها الشبكة، ووسائل الإعلام التفاعلية، والخدمات الإعلانية عبر محفظة متزايدة من أجهزة التلفزيون والحواسيب الشخصية والهواتف المحمولة. استحوذت الشركة على إيرونبورت سيستمز، Inc. لتوسيع محفظة الأمن للشركة في البريد الإلكتروني والحلول الأمنية المراسلة. استحوذت الشركة على رياكتيفيتي، Inc. لاستكمال وتوسيع محفظة خدمات الشبكات التطبيقية للشركة ضمن التقنيات المتقدمة. استحوذت الشركة على شركة ويبيكس كومونيكاتيونس، Inc.، وهي شركة توفر تطبيقات التعاون عند الطلب. يعمل الحل المستند إلى الشبكة من ويبيكس لتقديم التعاون بين المؤسسات التجارية على توسيع محفظة الاتصالات الموحدة للشركة، ولا سيما في سوق الأعمال الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم (سمب).
فيسكال 2006.
وقد استحوذت الشركة على شركة كيس تيشنولوغي A / S لتطوير منتجات الترفيه الشبكي للمستهلك. حصلت الشركة على سسينتيفيك-أتلانتا، Inc. لإنشاء حل من طرف إلى طرف لشبكات الناقل والمنزل الرقمي وتقديم أنظمة الفيديو على نطاق واسع لتوسيع التزام سيسكو وقيادتها في سوق مزود الخدمة. وقد استحوذت الشركة على شركة شير نيتوركس، Inc. لتوفير التكنولوجيا التي تم تصميمها للتكيف مع تغييرات الشبكة، والتوسع في الشبكات الكبيرة، والمساعدة في توسيع نطاق التكنولوجيات والخدمات الجديدة التي تبسط مهمة مراقبة الشبكات المعقدة والمحافظة عليها.
تتضمن البيانات املالية املوحدة النتائج التشغيلية لكل نشاط من تاريخ احليازة. لم يتم عرض النتائج المبدئية لعمليات عمليات الاستحواذ بخلاف سسينتيفيك-أتلانتا التي تم إنجازها خلال السنة المالية 2008 و 2007 و 2006 لأن آثار عمليات الاستحواذ، بشكل فردي أو إجمالا، لم تكن جوهرية بالنسبة للنتائج المالية للشركة. The pro forma results of Scientific-Atlanta are presented below.
(b) Acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta, Inc.
On February 24, 2006, Cisco completed the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta, Inc., a provider of set-top boxes, end-to-end video distribution networks, and video integration systems. The financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations of Cisco and Scientific-Atlanta, on a pro forma basis, as though the companies had been combined as of the beginning of fiscal 2006. The unaudited pro forma financial information combines the historical results of operations of Cisco for fiscal 2006, which include the results of operations of Scientific-Atlanta subsequent to February 24, 2006, and the historical results of operations of Scientific-Atlanta for the six months ended December 30, 2005 and the month ended February 24, 2006.
This information is presented for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta and issuance of $6.5 billion of debt (see Note 8) had taken place at the beginning of fiscal 2006. The debt was issued to finance the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta as well as for general corporate purposes. For the purposes of this pro forma financial information, the interest expense on the entire debt, including the effects of hedging, were included in the pro forma financial adjustments. The pro forma financial information also included incremental share-based compensation expense due to the acceleration of Scientific-Atlanta employee stock options prior to the acquisition date, investment banking fees, and other acquisition-related costs, recorded in Scientific-Atlanta’s historical results of operations during February 2006. In addition, the pro forma financial information also included the purchase accounting adjustments on historical Scientific-Atlanta inventory, adjustments to depreciation on acquired property and equipment, a charge for in-process research and development, amortization charges from acquired intangible assets, adjustments to interest income, and related tax effects.
The following table summarizes the pro forma financial information (in millions, except per-share amounts):
(c) Compensation Expense Related to Acquisitions and Investments.
The following table presents the compensation expense related to acquisitions and investments (in millions):
Share-Based Compensation Expense.
Beginning in fiscal 2006, share-based compensation related to acquisitions and investments is measured under SFAS 123(R) and includes deferred share-based compensation relating to acquisitions completed prior to fiscal 2006. As of July 26, 2008, the remaining balance of share-based compensation related to acquisitions and investments to be recognized over the vesting periods was $245 million.
Cash Compensation Expense.
In connection with the Company’s purchase acquisitions, asset purchases, and acquisitions of variable interest entities, the Company has agreed to pay certain additional amounts contingent upon the achievement of certain agreed-upon technology, development, product, or other milestones, or the continued employment with the Company of certain employees of the acquired entities. In each case, any additional amounts paid will be recorded as compensation expense. As of July 26, 2008, the Company may be required to recognize future compensation expense pursuant to these agreements of up to $558 million, including the remaining potential amount of additional compensation expense related to Nuova Systems, Inc., as discussed below.
Nuova Systems, Inc.
During fiscal 2008, the Company purchased the remaining interests in Nuova Systems, Inc. not previously held by the Company, representing approximately 20% of Nuova Systems. Under the terms of the merger agreement, the former minority interest holders of Nuova Systems are eligible to receive up to three milestone payments based on agreed-upon formulas. As a result, during 2008 the Company recorded compensation expense of $277 million related to the fair value of amounts that are expected to be earned by the minority interest holders pursuant to a vesting schedule. Actual amounts payable to the former minority interest holders of Nuova Systems will depend upon achievement under the agreed-upon formulas.
Subsequent changes to the fair value of the amounts probable of being earned and the continued vesting will result in adjustments to the recorded compensation expense. The potential amount that could be recorded as compensation expense may be up to a maximum of $678 million, including the amount that has been expensed as of the end of fiscal 2008. The compensation is expected to be paid during fiscal 2018 through fiscal 2018.
4. Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets.
(a) Goodwill.
The following tables present the changes in goodwill allocated to the Company’s reportable segments during fiscal 2008 and 2007 (in millions):
In the table above, “Other” primarily includes foreign currency translation and purchase accounting adjustments.
(b) Purchased Intangible Assets.
The following tables present details of the purchased intangible assets acquired through acquisitions during fiscal 2008 and 2007 (in millions, except years):
The following tables present details of the Company’s purchased intangible assets (in millions):
(1) The technology category for the year ended July 26, 2008 includes technology intangible assets acquired through business combinations as well as technology licenses.
The following table presents the amortization of purchased intangible assets (in millions):
During the years ended July 26, 2008 and July 29, 2006, the Company recorded impairment charges of $33 million and $69 million, respectively, from write-downs of purchased intangible assets primarily related to certain technology and customer relationships due to reductions in expected future cash flows, and the amounts were recorded as amortization of purchased intangible assets.
The estimated future amortization expense of purchased intangible assets as of July 26, 2008, is as follows (in millions):
5. Balance Sheet Details.
The following tables provide details of selected balance sheet items (in millions):
6. Financing Receivables and Guarantees.
(a) Lease Receivables.
Lease receivables represent sales-type and direct-financing leases resulting from the sale of the Company’s and complementary third-party products. These lease arrangements typically have terms from two to three years and are generally collateralized by a security interest in the underlying assets. The net lease receivables are summarized as follows (in millions):
Contractual maturities of the gross lease receivables at July 26, 2008 were $655 million in fiscal 2009, $514 million in fiscal 2018, $328 million in fiscal 2018, $160 million in fiscal 2018, and $73 million in fiscal 2018 and thereafter. Actual cash collections may differ from the contractual maturities due to early customer buyouts, refinancings, or defaults.
(b) Financed Service Contracts.
Financed service contracts are summarized as follows (in millions):
The revenue related to financed service contracts, which primarily relates to technical support services, is deferred and included in deferred service revenue. The revenue is recognized ratably over the period during which the related services are to be performed, which is typically from one to three years.
(c) Loan Receivables.
Loan receivables are summarized as follows (in millions):
A portion of the revenue related to loan receivables is deferred and included in deferred product revenue based on revenue recognition criteria.
(d) Financing Guarantees.
The Company provides financing guarantees, which are generally for various third-party financing arrangements extended to channel partners and other customers. The Company could be called upon to make payment under these guarantees in the event of nonpayment to the third party. As of July 26, 2008, the total maximum potential future payments related to these guarantees was approximately $830 million, of which approximately $610 million was recorded as deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheet in accordance with revenue recognition policies and FIN 45.
7. Investments.
(a) Summary of Investments.
The following tables summarize the Company’s investments (in millions):
(b) Gains and Losses on Investments.
The following table presents gross realized gains and losses related to the Company’s investments (in millions):
The following tables present the breakdown of the investments with unrealized losses at July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007 (in millions):
The gross unrealized losses related to fixed income securities as of July 26, 2008 were primarily due to changes in interest rates and credit market conditions. The gross unrealized losses related to publicly traded equity securities as of July 26, 2008 were due to changes in market prices. The Company’s management has determined that the gross unrealized losses on its investment securities at July 26, 2008 are temporary in nature. The Company reviews its investments to identify and evaluate investments that have indications of possible impairment. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is temporary include the length of time and extent to which fair value has been less than the cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. Substantially all of the Company’s fixed income securities are rated investment grade.
(c) Maturities of Fixed Income Securities.
The following table summarizes the maturities of the Company’s fixed income securities at July 26, 2008 (in millions):
Actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.
8. Borrowings.
(a) Long-Term Debt.
In February 2006, the Company issued $500 million of senior floating interest rate notes based on LIBOR due 2009 (the “2009 Notes”), $3.0 billion of 5.25% senior notes due 2018 (the “2018 Notes”), and $3.0 billion of 5.50% senior notes due 2018 (the “2018 Notes”), for an aggregate principal amount of $6.5 billion. The following table summarizes the Company’s long-term debt (in millions, except percentages):
Upon termination during fiscal 2008 of the interest rate swaps entered into in connection with the 2018 Notes and the 2018 Notes, the Company received proceeds of $432 million, net of accrued interest, which was recorded as a hedge accounting adjustment of the carrying amount of the fixed-rate debt and which is being amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the remaining terms of the fixed-rate notes. The effective rates for the 2018 Notes and the 2018 Notes as of July 26, 2008 include the fixed rate interest on the notes, the amortization of the hedge accounting adjustment and the accretion of the discount. The effective rates for the 2018 Notes and the 2018 Notes as of July 28, 2007 included the variable rate in effect as of the period end on the interest rate swaps and the accretion of the discount.
The 2018 Notes and the 2018 Notes are redeemable by the Company at any time, subject to a make-whole premium. During fiscal 2008, the Company reclassified the 2009 Notes to the current portion of long-term debt. Based on market prices, the fair value of the Company’s long-term debt, including the current portion of long-term debt, was $6.6 billion as of July 26, 2008. The Company was in compliance with all debt covenants as of July 26, 2008.
Interest is payable quarterly on the 2009 Notes and semi-annually on the 2018 Notes and 2018 Notes. Interest expense and cash paid for interest are summarized as follows (in millions):
(b) Credit Facility.
In August 2007 the Company entered into a credit agreement with certain institutional lenders that provides for a $3.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility that is scheduled to expire on August 17, 2018. Any advances under the credit agreement will accrue interest at rates that are equal to, based on certain conditions, either (i) the higher of the Federal Funds rate plus 0.50% or Bank of America’s “prime rate” as announced from time to time, or (ii) LIBOR plus a margin that is based on the Company’s senior debt credit ratings as published by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. The credit agreement requires that the Company maintain an interest coverage ratio as defined in the agreement. As of July 26, 2008, the Company was in compliance with the required interest coverage ratio and the Company had not borrowed any funds under the credit facility. The Company may also, upon the agreement of either the then existing lenders or of additional lenders not currently parties to the agreement, increase the commitments under the credit facility up to a total of $5.0 billion and/or extend the expiration date of the credit facility up to August 15, 2018.
9. Derivative Instruments.
The Company uses derivative instruments primarily to manage exposures to foreign currency, interest rate, and equity security price risks. The Company’s primary objective in holding derivatives is to reduce the volatility of earnings and cash flows associated with changes in foreign currency, interest rates, and equity security prices. The Company’s derivatives expose it to credit risk to the extent that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreement. The Company seeks to mitigate such risks by limiting its counterparties to major financial institutions. In addition, the potential risk of loss with any one counterparty resulting from this type of credit risk is monitored. Management does not expect material losses as a result of defaults by counterparties.
(a) Foreign Currency Derivatives.
The Company’s foreign exchange forward and option contracts are summarized as follows (in millions):
The Company conducts business globally in numerous currencies. As such, it is exposed to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. To limit the exposure related to foreign currency changes, the Company enters into foreign currency contracts. The Company does not enter into foreign exchange forward or option contracts for trading purposes.
The Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the short-term effects of foreign currency fluctuations on assets and liabilities such as foreign currency receivables, including long-term customer financings, investments, and payables. Gains and losses on the contracts are included in other income (loss), net, and offset foreign exchange gains and losses from the revaluation of intercompany balances or other current assets, investments, or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the reporting entity. The Company’s foreign exchange forward contracts related to current assets and liabilities generally range from one to three months in original maturity. Additionally, the Company has entered into foreign exchange forward contracts with maturities of up to two years related to long-term customer financings. The foreign exchange forward contracts related to investments generally have maturities of less than two years. The Company also hedges certain net investments in its foreign subsidiaries with forward contracts which generally have maturities of less than six months.
The Company hedges certain foreign currency forecasted transactions related to certain operating expenses with currency options and forward contracts. These currency option and forward contracts generally have maturities of less than 18 months and these transactions are designated as cash flow hedges. The effective portion of the derivative’s gain or loss is initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings when the hedged exposure affects earnings. The ineffective portion, if any, of the gain or loss is reported in earnings immediately. During fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, there were no significant gains or losses recognized in earnings for hedge ineffectiveness. The Company did not discontinue any hedges during any of the years presented because it was probable that the original forecasted transactions would not occur.
(b) Interest Rate Derivatives.
The Company’s interest rate derivatives are summarized as follows (in millions):
The Company’s primary objective for holding fixed income securities is to achieve an appropriate investment return consistent with preserving principal and managing risk. To realize these objectives, the Company may utilize interest rate swaps or other derivatives designated as fair value or cash flow hedges.
Interest Rate Swaps, Investments.
The Company is currently a party to $1.0 billion of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of its investment portfolio. Under these interest rate swap contracts, the Company makes fixed-rate interest payments and receives interest payments based on LIBOR. The effect of these swaps is to convert fixed-rate returns to floating-rate returns based on LIBOR for a portion of the Company’s fixed income portfolio. The gains and losses related to changes in the value of the interest rate swaps are included in other income (loss), net, and offset the changes in fair value of the underlying hedged investment. The fair values of the interest rate swaps designated as hedges of the Company’s investments are reflected in prepaid expenses and other current assets or other current liabilities.
Interest Rate Swaps, Long-Term Debt.
In conjunction with its issuance of fixed-rate senior notes in February 2006, the Company entered into $6.0 billion of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of the fixed-rate debt. The effect of these swaps was to convert fixed-rate interest expense to floating-rate interest expense based on LIBOR. During fiscal 2008, the Company terminated the $6.0 billion of interest rate swaps and received proceeds of $432 million, net of accrued interest, which was recorded as a hedge accounting adjustment of the carrying amount of the fixed-rate debt and is amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the remaining terms of the fixed-rate notes. While such interest rate swaps were in effect, their fair values were reflected in other assets or other long-term liabilities and the gains and losses related to changes in the value of such interest rate swaps were included in other income (loss), net, and offset the changes in fair value of the underlying debt.
(c) Equity Derivatives.
The Company’s equity derivatives are summarized as follows (in millions):
The Company maintains a portfolio of publicly traded equity securities which are subject to price risk. The Company may hold equity securities for strategic purposes or to diversify the Company’s overall investment portfolio. To manage its exposure to changes in the fair value of certain equity securities, the Company may enter into equity derivatives, including forward sale and option agreements. As of July 26, 2008, the Company had entered into forward sale agreements on certain publicly traded equity securities designated as fair value hedges. The gains and losses due to changes in the value of the hedging instruments are included in other income (loss), net, and offset the change in the fair value of the underlying hedged investment. The fair values of the equity derivatives are reflected in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other current liabilities.
10. Commitments and Contingencies.
(a) Operating Leases.
The Company leases office space in several U. S. locations. Outside the United States, larger leased sites include sites in Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Rent expense totaled $291 million, $219 million, and $181 million in fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively. Future annual minimum lease payments under all noncancelable operating leases with an initial term in excess of one year as of July 26, 2008 are as follows (in millions):
(b) Purchase Commitments with Contract Manufacturers and Suppliers.
The Company purchases components from a variety of suppliers and uses several contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing services for its products. During the normal course of business, in order to manage manufacturing lead times and help ensure adequate component supply, the Company enters into agreements with contract manufacturers and suppliers that either allow them to procure inventory based upon criteria as defined by the Company or that establish the parameters defining the Company’s requirements. In certain instances, these agreements allow the Company the option to cancel, reschedule, and adjust the Company’s requirements based on its business needs prior to firm orders being placed. Consequently, only a portion of the Company’s reported purchase commitments arising from these agreements are firm, noncancelable, and unconditional commitments. As of July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007, the Company had total purchase commitments for inventory of $2.7 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively.
In addition to the above, the Company records a liability for firm, noncancelable, and unconditional purchase commitments for quantities in excess of its future demand forecasts consistent with the valuation of the Company’s excess and obsolete inventory. As of July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007, the liability for these purchase commitments was $184 million and $168 million, respectively, and was included in other current liabilities.
(c) Compensation Expense Related to Acquisitions and Investments.
In connection with the Company’s purchase acquisitions, asset purchases, and acquisitions of variable interest entities, the Company has agreed to pay certain additional amounts contingent upon the achievement of certain agreed-upon technology, development, product, or other milestones, or the continued employment with the Company of certain employees of acquired entities. See Note 3.
(d) Other Commitments.
The Company also has certain funding commitments primarily related to its investments in privately held companies and venture funds, some of which are based on the achievement of certain agreed-upon milestones, and some of which are required to be funded on demand. The funding commitments were approximately $359 million and $140 million as of July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007, respectively.
(e) Variable Interest Entities.
In the ordinary course of business, the Company has investments in privately held companies and provides financing to certain customers through its wholly owned subsidiaries, which may be considered to be variable interest entities. The Company has evaluated its investments in these privately held companies and customer financings and determined that there were no significant unconsolidated variable interest entities as of July 26, 2008.
(f) Guarantees and Product Warranties.
The following table summarizes the activity related to the product warranty liability during fiscal 2008 and 2007 (in millions):
The Company accrues for warranty costs as part of its cost of sales based on associated material product costs, labor costs for technical support staff, and associated overhead. The products sold are generally covered by a warranty for periods ranging from 90 days to five years, and for some products the Company provides a limited lifetime warranty.
In the normal course of business, the Company indemnifies other parties, including customers, lessors, and parties to other transactions with the Company, with respect to certain matters. The Company has agreed to hold the other parties harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations or covenants, or out of intellectual property infringement or other claims made against certain parties. These agreements may limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made and the amount of the claim. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors, and the Company’s bylaws contain similar indemnification obligations to the Company’s agents. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the Company’s limited history with prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by the Company under these agreements have not had a material effect on the Company’s operating results, financial position, or cash flows.
The Company also provides financing guarantees, which are generally for various third-party financing arrangements to channel partners and other customers. See Note 6. The Company’s other arrangements as of July 26, 2008 that were subject to recognition and disclosure requirements under FIN 45 were not material.
(g) Legal Proceedings.
The Company and other defendants were subject to claims asserted by Telcordia Technologies, Inc. on July 16, 2004 in the Federal District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that various Cisco routers, switches and optical products infringed United States Patent Nos. 4,893,306, 4,835,763, and Re 36,633. Telcordia sought damages and injunctive relief. The Court ruled that, as a matter of law, the Company does not infringe Patent No. 4,893,306. After conclusion of a trial, on May 10, 2007, a jury found that infringement had occurred on the other patents and awarded damages in an amount that is not material to the Company. The Company has asked the Court to reverse the verdict as a matter of law, and if necessary, the Company intends to appeal the decision. Telcordia has asked the Court to enhance damages and award it attorneys’ fees and also has the right to appeal. The Company believes that the ultimate outcome of this matter and aggregate potential damages will not be material.
Brazilian authorities are investigating certain employees of the Company’s Brazilian subsidiary and certain employees of a Brazilian importer of the Company’s products relating to the allegation of evading import taxes and other alleged improper transactions involving the subsidiary and the importer. The Company is conducting a thorough review of the matter. To date, Brazilian authorities have not asserted a claim against the Company. The Company is unable to determine the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome on any potential claims against it or to reasonably estimate a range of loss, if any. In addition, the Company is investigating the allegations regarding improper transactions, the Company has proactively communicated with United States authorities to provide information and report on its findings, and the United States authorities are currently investigating such allegations.
In addition, the Company is subject to legal proceedings, claims, and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, including intellectual property litigation. While the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable, the Company does not expect that the ultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
11. Shareholders’ القيمة المالية.
(a) Stock Repurchase Program.
In September 2001, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program. As of July 26, 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors had authorized an aggregate repurchase of up to $62 billion of common stock under this program and the remaining authorized repurchase amount was $8.4 billion with no termination date. The stock repurchase activity under the stock repurchase program in fiscal 2007 and 2008 is summarized as follows (in millions, except per-share amounts):
(1) Includes stock repurchases that were pending settlement as of period end.
The purchase price for the shares of the Company’s stock repurchased is reflected as a reduction to shareholders’ equity. In accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 6, “Status of Accounting Research Bulletins,” the Company is required to allocate the purchase price of the repurchased shares as (i) a reduction to retained earnings until retained earnings are zero and then as an increase to accumulated deficit and (ii) a reduction of common stock and additional paid-in capital. Issuance of common stock and the tax benefit related to employee stock incentive plans are recorded as an increase to common stock and additional paid-in capital.
(b) Other Repurchases of Common Stock.
The Company also repurchases shares in settlement of employee tax withholding obligations due upon the vesting of restricted stock or stock units.
(c) Preferred Stock.
Under the terms of the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, the Board of Directors may determine the rights, preferences, and terms of the Company’s authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock.
(d) Comprehensive Income.
The components of comprehensive income are as follows (in millions):
The Company consolidates its investment in a venture fund managed by SOFTBANK as the Company is the primary beneficiary as defined under FIN 46(R). As a result, SOFTBANK’s interest in the change in the unrealized gains and losses on the investments in the venture fund is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and is reflected as a change in minority interest.
12. Employee Benefit Plans.
(a) Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which includes its subplan, the International Employee Stock Purchase Plan (together, the “Purchase Plan”), under which 321.4 million shares of the Company’s stock have been reserved for issuance. Eligible employees may purchase a limited number of shares of the Company’s stock at a discount of up to 15% of the lesser of the market value on the subscription date or the purchase date, which is approximately six months after the subscription date. The Purchase Plan terminates on January 3, 2018. The Company issued 19 million, 17 million, and 21 million shares under the Purchase Plan in fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively. As of July 26, 2008, 63 million shares were available for issuance under the Purchase Plan.
(b) Employee Stock Incentive Plans.
Stock Incentive Plan Program Description.
As of July 26, 2008, the Company had five stock incentive plans: the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2005 Plan”); the 1996 Stock Incentive Plan (the “1996 Plan”); the 1997 Supplemental Stock Incentive Plan (the “Supplemental Plan”); the Cisco Systems, Inc. SA Acquisition Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “SA Acquisition Plan”); and the Cisco Systems, Inc. WebEx Acquisition Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “WebEx Acquisition Plan”). In addition, the Company has, in connection with the acquisitions of various companies, assumed the share-based awards granted under stock incentive plans of the acquired companies or issued share-based awards in replacement thereof. Share-based awards are designed to reward employees for their long-term contributions to the Company and provide incentives for them to remain with the Company. The number and frequency of share-based awards are based on competitive practices, operating results of the Company, government regulations, and other factors. Since the inception of the stock incentive plans, the Company has granted stock options to virtually all employees, and the majority has been granted to employees below the vice president level. The Company’s primary stock incentive plans are summarized as follows:
As amended on November 15, 2007, the maximum number of shares issuable under the 2005 Plan over its term is 559 million shares plus the amount of any shares underlying awards outstanding on November 15, 2007 under the 1996 Plan, the SA Acquisition Plan and the WebEx Acquisition Plan that are forfeited or are terminated for any other reason before being exercised or settled. However, any shares underlying awards outstanding on November 15, 2007 under the 1996 Plan, the SA Acquisition Plan, and the WebEx Acquisition Plan that expire unexercised at the end of their maximum terms will not be considered to become available for reissuance under the 2005 Plan. If any awards granted under the 2005 Plan are forfeited or are terminated for any other reason before being exercised or settled, then the shares underlying the awards will again be available under the 2005 Plan. The number of shares available for issuance under the 2005 Plan will be reduced by 2.5 shares for each share awarded as stock grants or stock units.
The 2005 Plan permits the granting of stock options, stock, stock units, and stock appreciation rights to employees (including employee directors and officers) and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates, and non-employee directors of the Company. Stock options granted under the 2005 Plan have an exercise price of at least 100% of the fair market value of the underlying stock on the grant date and expire no later than nine years from the grant date. The stock options will generally become exercisable for 20% or 25% of the option shares one year from the date of grant and then ratably over the following 48 or 36 months, respectively. Stock grants and stock units will generally vest with respect to 20% or 25% of the shares covered by the grant on each of the first through fifth or fourth anniversaries of the date of the grant, respectively. The Compensation and Management Development Committee of the Board of Directors has the discretion to use different vesting schedules. Stock appreciation rights may be awarded in combination with stock options or stock grants and such awards shall provide that the stock appreciation rights will not be exercisable unless the related stock options or stock grants are forfeited. Stock grants may be awarded in combination with non-statutory stock options, and such awards may provide that the stock grants will be forfeited in the event that the related non-statutory stock options are exercised.
The 1996 Plan expired on December 31, 2006, and the Company can no longer make equity awards under the 1996 Plan. The maximum number of shares issuable over the term of the 1996 Plan was 2.5 billion shares. Stock options granted under the 1996 Plan have an exercise price of at least 100% of the fair market value of the underlying stock on the grant date and expire no later than nine years from the grant date. The stock options generally become exercisable for 20% or 25% of the option shares one year from the date of grant and then ratably over the following 48 or 36 months, respectively. Certain other grants have utilized a 60-month ratable vesting schedule. In addition, the Board of Directors, or other committees administering the plan, have the discretion to use a different vesting schedule and have done so from time to time.
Supplemental Plan.
The Supplemental Plan expired on December 31, 2007, and the Company can no longer make equity awards under the Supplemental Plan. Officers and members of the Company’s Board of Directors were not eligible to participate in the Supplemental Plan. Nine million shares were reserved for issuance under the Supplemental Plan.
Acquisition Plans.
In connection with the Company’s acquisitions of Scientific-Atlanta and WebEx, the Company adopted the SA Acquisition Plan and the WebEx Acquisition Plan, respectively, each effective upon completion of the applicable acquisition. These plans constitute assumptions, amendments, restatements, and renamings of the 2003 Long-Term Incentive Plan of Scientific-Atlanta and the WebEx Communications, Inc. Amended and Restated 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, respectively. The plans permit the grant of stock options, stock, stock units, and stock appreciation rights to certain employees of the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates who had been employed by Scientific-Atlanta or its subsidiaries or WebEx or its subsidiaries, as applicable. As a result of the shareholder approval of the amendment and extension of the 2005 Plan, as of November 15, 2007, the Company will no longer make stock option grants or direct share issuances under either the SA Acquisition Plan or the WebEx Acquisition Plan.
Dilutive Effect of Stock Options.
Weighted-average basic and diluted shares outstanding for fiscal 2008 were 6.0 billion shares and 6.2 billion shares, respectively. For the year ended July 26, 2008, the dilutive effect of potential common shares was approximately 177 million shares or 3.0% of the basic shares outstanding based on the Company’s average share price of $27.15.
The following table illustrates grant dilution computed based on net stock options granted as a percentage of shares of common stock outstanding at the fiscal year end (in millions, except percentages):
General Share-Based Award Information.
A summary of share-based award activity is as follows (in millions, except per-share amounts):
(1) The total pretax intrinsic value of stock options exercised during fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006 was $1.6 billion, $3.1 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively.
(2) Amounts represent restricted stock and other share-based awards (excluding stock options) granted and assumed. The Company had total shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding of 10 million, 11 million, and 6 million as of July 26, 2008, July 28, 2007, and July 29, 2006, respectively. Share-based awards available for grant are reduced by 2.5 shares for each share awarded as stock grants or pursuant to stock units from the 2005 Plan subsequent to November 15, 2007.
The following table summarizes significant ranges of outstanding and exercisable stock options as of July 26, 2008 (in millions, except years and share prices):
The aggregate intrinsic value in the preceding table represents the total pretax intrinsic value, based on the Company’s closing stock price of $22.43 as of July 25, 2008, which would have been received by the option holders had those option holders exercised their stock options as of that date. The total number of in-the-money stock options exercisable as of July 26, 2008 was 463 million. As of July 28, 2007, 829 million outstanding stock options were exercisable and the weighted-average exercise price was $30.13.
Valuation and Expense Information Under SFAS 123(R)
Share-based compensation expense recognized under SFAS 123(R) consists primarily of expenses for stock options, stock purchase rights, restricted stock, and restricted stock units granted to employees. The following table summarizes employee share-based compensation expense (in millions):
(1) Share-based compensation expense of $87 million, $34 million, and $87 million related to acquisitions and investments for fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively, is disclosed in Note 3 and is not included in the above table.
As of July 26, 2008, total compensation cost related to unvested share-based awards, including share-based compensation relating to acquisitions and investments, not yet recognized was $3.4 billion, which is expected to be recognized over approximately 3.5 years on a weighted-average basis. The income tax benefit for employee share-based compensation expense was $330 million, $342 million, and $294 million for fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively.
Lattice-Binomial Model.
Upon adoption of SFAS 123(R) at the beginning of fiscal 2006, the Company began estimating the value of employee stock options and employee stock purchase rights on the date of grant using a lattice-binomial model. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123(R), the value of each employee stock option and employee stock purchase right was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model.
The Company’s employee stock options have vesting provisions and various restrictions including restrictions on transfer and hedging, among others, and are often exercised prior to their contractual maturity. Lattice-binomial models are more capable of incorporating the features of the Company’s employee stock options than closed-form models such as the Black-Scholes model. The use of a lattice-binomial model requires extensive actual employee exercise behavior data and a number of complex assumptions including expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected dividends, kurtosis, and skewness. The weighted-average assumptions, using the lattice-binomial model, and the weighted-average expected life and estimated grant date fair values of employee stock options granted during the respective years and employee stock purchase rights with subscription dates in the respective years are summarized as follows:
The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is impacted by the Company’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. The weighted-average assumptions were determined as follows:
For employee stock options, the Company used the implied volatility for two-year traded options on the Company’s stock as the expected volatility assumption required in the lattice-binomial model, consistent with SFAS 123(R) and SAB 107. For employee stock purchase rights, the Company used the implied volatility for six-month traded options on the Company’s stock. The selection of the implied volatility approach was based upon the availability of actively traded options on the Company’s stock and the Company’s assessment that implied volatility is more representative of future stock price trends than historical volatility. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates appropriate for the term of the Company’s employee stock options and employee stock purchase rights. The dividend yield assumption is based on the history and expectation of dividend payouts. The estimated kurtosis and skewness are technical measures of the distribution of stock price returns, which affect expected employee exercise behaviors, and are based on the Company’s stock price return history as well as consideration of various academic analyses.
The expected life of employee stock options represents the weighted-average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding and is a derived output of the lattice-binomial model. The expected life of employee stock options is impacted by all of the underlying assumptions and calibration of the Company’s model. The lattice-binomial model assumes that employees’ exercise behavior is a function of the option’s remaining vested life and the extent to which the option is in-the-money. The lattice-binomial model estimates the probability of exercise as a function of these two variables based on the entire history of exercises and cancellations on all past option grants made by the Company.
Accuracy of Fair Value Estimates.
The Company uses third-party analyses to assist in developing the assumptions used in, as well as calibrating, its lattice-binomial model. The Company is responsible for determining the assumptions used in estimating the fair value of its share-based payment awards. The Company’s determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards is affected by assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Option-pricing models were developed for use in estimating the value of traded options that have no vesting or hedging restrictions and are fully transferable. Because the Company’s employee stock options have certain characteristics that are significantly different from traded options, and because changes in the subjective assumptions can materially affect the estimated value, in management’s opinion, the existing valuation models may not provide an accurate measure of the fair value of the Company’s employee stock options. Although the fair value of employee stock options is determined in accordance with SFAS 123(R) and SAB 107 using an option-pricing model, that value may not be indicative of the fair value observed in a willing buyer/willing seller market transaction.
(c) Employee 401(k) Plans.
The Company sponsors the Cisco Systems, Inc. 401(k) Plan (the “Plan”) to provide retirement benefits for its employees. As allowed under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, the Plan provides for tax-deferred salary contributions for eligible employees. The Plan allows employees to contribute from 1% to 25% of their annual compensation to the Plan on a pretax and after-tax basis. Employee contributions are limited to a maximum annual amount as set periodically by the Internal Revenue Code. The Company matches pretax employee contributions up to 100% of the first 4% of eligible earnings that are contributed by employees. Therefore, the maximum matching contribution that the Company may allocate to each participant’s account will not exceed $9,200 for the 2008 calendar year due to the $230,000 annual limit on eligible earnings imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. All matching contributions vest immediately. The Company’s matching contributions to the Plan totaled $171 million, $131 million, and $96 million in fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively.
The Plan allows employees who meet the age requirements and reach the Plan contribution limits to make a catch-up contribution not to exceed the lesser of 50% of their eligible compensation or the limit set forth in the Internal Revenue Code. The catch-up contributions are not eligible for matching contributions. In addition, the Plan provides for discretionary profit-sharing contributions as determined by the Board of Directors. Such contributions to the Plan are allocated among eligible participants in the proportion of their salaries to the total salaries of all participants. There were no discretionary profit-sharing contributions made in fiscal 2008, 2007, or 2006.
The Company also sponsors other 401(k) plans that arose from acquisitions of other companies. The Company’s contributions to these plans were not material to the Company on either an individual or aggregate basis for any of the fiscal years presented.
(d) Deferred Compensation Plans.
The Company maintains a deferred compensation plan for certain employees and directors of Scientific-Atlanta (the “SA Plan”). The deferred compensation liability under the SA Plan was approximately $126 million and $109 million, as of July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007, respectively, and was recorded in current and long-term liabilities.
The Cisco Systems, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”), a nonqualified deferred compensation plan, became effective June 25, 2007. As required by applicable law, participation in the Deferred Compensation Plan is limited to a group of the Company’s management employees, which group includes each of the Company’s named executive officers. Under the Deferred Compensation Plan, which is an unfunded and unsecured deferred compensation arrangement, a participant may elect to defer base salary, bonus, and/or commissions, pursuant to such rules as may be established by the Company, up to the maximum percentages for each deferral election as described in the plan. This operates in a manner similar to the way in which the Company’s 401(k) plan operates, but without regard to the maximum deferral limitations imposed on 401(k) plans by the Internal Revenue Code. The Company may also, at its discretion, make a matching contribution to the employee under the Deferred Compensation Plan. A matching contribution equal to 4% of eligible compensation over the Internal Revenue Code limit for calendar year 2008 that is deferred by participants under the Deferred Compensation Plan will be made to eligible participants’ accounts at the end of calendar year 2008. The deferred compensation liability under this plan was approximately $45 million as of July 26, 2008 and was recorded in long-term liabilities.
(e) Defined Benefit Plans Assumed from Scientific-Atlanta.
Upon completion of the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta, the Company assumed certain defined benefit plans related to employee pensions. Scientific-Atlanta had a defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all of its domestic employees, defined benefit pension plans covering certain international employees, a restoration retirement plan for certain domestic employees, and supplemental executive retirement plans for certain key officers (collectively, the “Pension Plans”).
The fair value of the liabilities of these plans was determined as of the July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007 measurement dates. The fair value determination of the liabilities reflects the Company’s intent to integrate the Scientific-Atlanta employee benefit programs with those of the Company. As a result, no additional benefits have been accrued under the Pension Plans since February 2008.
The following table sets forth projected benefit obligations, plan assets, and amounts recorded in current and long-term liabilities under the Pension Plans (in millions):
The accumulated benefit obligations under the Pension Plans were $197 million and $225 million as of July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007, respectively.
13. Income Taxes.
(a) Provision for Income Taxes.
The provision for income taxes consists of the following (in millions):
The Company paid income taxes of $2.8 billion, $1.7 billion, and $1.6 billion in fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively. Income before provision for income taxes consists of the following (in millions):
The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate and the provision for income taxes consists of the following:
The tax provision for fiscal 2008 included tax expense of $229 million related to the intercompany realignment of certain of the Company’s foreign operations during the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2008. The tax provision for fiscal 2008 also included a net tax benefit of $162 million related to a settlement of certain tax matters with the IRS during the first quarter of fiscal 2008. In December 2006, the Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 reinstated the U. S. federal R&D tax credit, retroactive to January 1, 2006. As a result, the tax provision for fiscal 2007 included a tax benefit of approximately $60 million related to the U. S. federal R&D tax credit attributable to fiscal 2006 R&D. The tax provision for fiscal 2006 included a benefit of approximately $124 million from the favorable settlement of a tax audit in a foreign jurisdiction.
U. S. income taxes and foreign withholding taxes associated with the repatriation of earnings of foreign subsidiaries were not provided for on a cumulative total of $21.9 billion of undistributed earnings for certain foreign subsidiaries. The Company intends to reinvest these earnings indefinitely in its foreign subsidiaries. If these earnings were distributed to the United States in the form of dividends or otherwise, or if the shares of the relevant foreign subsidiaries were sold or otherwise transferred, the Company would be subject to additional U. S. income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits) and foreign withholding taxes. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred income tax liability related to these earnings is not practicable.
On October 22, 2004, the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (the “Jobs Creation Act”) was signed into law. The Jobs Creation Act created a temporary incentive for U. S. corporations to repatriate accumulated income earned abroad by providing an 85 percent dividends received deduction for certain dividends from controlled foreign corporations. In fiscal 2006, the Company distributed cash from its foreign subsidiaries and reported an extraordinary dividend (as defined in the Jobs Creation Act) of $1.2 billion and a related tax liability of approximately $63 million in its fiscal 2006 federal income tax return. This amount was previously provided for in the provision for income taxes and is included in income taxes payable. This distribution does not change the Company’s intention to indefinitely reinvest undistributed earnings of certain of its foreign subsidiaries in operations outside the United States.
As a result of certain employment and capital investment actions and commitments, the Company’s income in certain countries is subject to reduced tax rates and in some cases is wholly exempt from tax. These tax incentives expire in whole or in part at various times through fiscal 2025.
(b) Unrecognized Tax Benefits.
On July 29, 2007, the Company adopted FIN 48 which prescribes a comprehensive model for the financial statement recognition, measurement, classification, and disclosure of uncertain tax positions. As a result of the adoption of FIN 48, the Company reduced the liability for net unrecognized tax benefits by $451 million and accounted for this as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle that was recorded as an increase to retained earnings of $202 million and an increase to additional paid-in capital of $249 million. The total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits as of the date of adoption was $3.3 billion, of which $2.9 billion would affect the effective tax rate if realized. The Company historically classified liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits in current income taxes payable. In implementing FIN 48, the Company has reclassified liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits for which the Company does not anticipate payment or receipt of cash within one year to noncurrent income taxes payable. In addition, the Company reclassified the income tax receivable to income taxes payable.
The aggregate changes in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits during fiscal 2008 were as follows (in millions):
In connection with the regular examination of the Company’s federal income tax returns for fiscal years ended July 27, 2002 through July 31, 2004, the IRS proposed certain adjustments related to the Company’s international operations. In the first quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company and the IRS agreed to a settlement with respect to certain tax issues related to U. S. income inclusions arising from the Company’s international operations for fiscal years ended July 27, 2002 through July 29, 2006. As a result of the settlement, the Company reduced the amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits by approximately $1.0 billion. The Company also reduced the amount of accrued interest by $39 million. In addition, the IRS has proposed other adjustments that are not covered under the settlement agreement related to fiscal years ended July 27, 2002 through July 31, 2004. The Company has timely filed a protest with IRS Appeals on these proposed adjustments. The Company believes that adequate amounts have been reserved for any adjustments that may ultimately result from these examinations.
As of July 26, 2008, $2.1 billion of the unrecognized tax benefits would affect the effective tax rate if realized. The Company’s policy to include interest and penalties related to income taxes, including unrecognized tax benefits, within the provision for income taxes did not change as a result of implementing FIN 48. As of the date of adoption of FIN 48, the Company had accrued $183 million in income taxes payable for the payment of interest and penalties. As of July 26, 2008, the Company had accrued $166 million in income taxes payable for the payment of interest and penalties, of which $8 million was recorded to the provision for income taxes during fiscal 2008. The Company is no longer subject to U. S. federal income tax audit for returns covering tax years through fiscal year 2001. With limited exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to state and local or foreign income tax audits for returns covering tax years through fiscal year 1997. Although timing of the resolution of audits is highly uncertain, the Company does not believe it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of July 26, 2008 will materially change in the next 12 months.
(c) Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities.
The following table presents the breakdown between current and noncurrent net deferred tax assets (in millions):
The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in millions):
As of July 26, 2008, the Company’s federal, state, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes were $344 million, $1.7 billion, and $97 million, respectively. If not utilized, the federal net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2018, the state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2009, and the foreign net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2018. As of July 26, 2008, the Company’s federal and state tax credit carryforwards for income tax purposes were approximately $10 million and $600 million, respectively. If not utilized, the federal and state tax credit carryforwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2009.
14. Segment Information and Major Customers.
The Company’s operations involve the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and technical support of networking and other products and services related to the communications and information technology industry. Cisco products include routers, switches, advanced technologies, and other products. These products, primarily integrated by Cisco IOS Software, link geographically dispersed local-area networks (LANs), metropolitan-area networks (MANs) and wide-area networks (WANs).
(a) Net Sales and Gross Margin by Theater.
The Company conducts business globally and is primarily managed on a geographic basis. The Company’s management makes financial decisions and allocates resources based on the information it receives from its internal management system. Sales are attributed to a geographic theater based on the ordering location of the customer. During the first quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company enhanced its methodology for attributing certain revenue transactions, including revenue deferrals, and the associated cost of sales for each to the respective geographic theater and revised the information utilized by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (CODM). As a result, the Company has reclassified prior year net sales and gross margin amounts by theater to conform to the current year’s presentation.
The Company does not allocate research and development, sales and marketing, or general and administrative expenses to its geographic theaters in this internal management system because management does not include the information in its measurement of the performance of the operating segments. In addition, the Company does not allocate amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, share-based compensation expense, and the effects of purchase accounting adjustments to inventory to the gross margin for each theater because management also does not include this information in its measurement of the performance of the operating segments.
Summarized financial information by theater for fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, based on the Company’s internal management system and as utilized by the Company’s CODM, is as follows (in millions):
(1) Net sales in the United States were $20.2 billion, $18.3 billion, and $14.8 billion for fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively.
(2) The unallocated corporate items primarily include the effects of amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets and share-based compensation expense.
(b) Net Sales for Groups of Similar Products and Services.
The following table presents net sales for groups of similar products and services (in millions):
The Company refers to some of its products and technologies as advanced technologies. As of July 26, 2008, the Company had identified the following advanced technologies for particular focus: application networking services, home networking, security, storage area networking, unified communications, video systems, and wireless technology. The Company continues to identify additional advanced technologies for focus and investment in the future, and the Company’s investments in some previously identified advanced technologies may be curtailed or eliminated depending on market developments.
(c) Other Segment Information.
The majority of the Company’s assets, excluding cash and cash equivalents and investments, as of July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007 were attributable to its U. S. operations. The Company’s total cash and cash equivalents and investments held outside of the United States in various foreign subsidiaries was $24.4 billion as of July 26, 2008, and the remaining $1.8 billion was held in the United States. In fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s net sales.
Property and equipment information is based on the physical location of the assets. The following table presents property and equipment information for geographic areas (in millions):
15. Net Income Per Share.
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share (in millions, except per-share amounts):
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Annual Report 2008.
Hierarchical Navigation.
1. Basis of Presentation.
The fiscal year for Cisco Systems, Inc. (the “Company” or “Cisco”) is the 52 or 53 weeks ending on the last Saturday in July. Fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006 were 52-week fiscal years. The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Cisco and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company conducts business globally and is primarily managed on a geographic basis in the following theaters: United States and Canada; European Markets; Emerging Markets; آسيا والمحيط الهادئ؛ and Japan. The Emerging Markets theater consists of Eastern Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa, and Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
(a) Cash and Cash Equivalents.
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original or remaining maturity of less than three months at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with various financial institutions.
(b) Investments.
The Company’s investments include government and government agency securities, corporate debt securities, asset-backed securities, municipal notes and bonds, and publicly traded equity securities. These investments are held in the custody of several major financial institutions. The specific identification method is used to determine the cost basis of fixed income securities disposed of. The weighted-average method is used to determine the cost basis of publicly traded equity securities disposed of. At July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007, the Company’s investments were classified as available-for-sale and these investments are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on these investments, to the extent the investments are unhedged, are included as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax.
The Company recognizes an impairment charge when a decline in the fair value of its investments below the cost basis is judged to be other-than-temporary. The Company considers various factors in determining whether to recognize an impairment charge, including the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than the Company’s cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value.
The Company also has investments in privately held companies. These investments are included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are primarily carried at cost. The Company monitors these investments for impairment and makes appropriate reductions in carrying values if the Company determines that an impairment charge is required based primarily on the financial condition and near-term prospects of these companies.
(c) Inventories.
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost, on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company provides inventory write-downs based on excess and obsolete inventories determined primarily by future demand forecasts. The write down is measured as the difference between the cost of the inventory and market based upon assumptions about future demand and charged to the provision for inventory, which is a component of cost of sales. At the point of the loss recognition, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis. In addition, the Company records a liability for firm, noncancelable, and unconditional purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers for quantities in excess of the Company’s future demand forecasts consistent with its valuation of excess and obsolete inventory.
(d) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.
The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the Company’s assessment of the collectibility of customer accounts. The Company regularly reviews the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, the age of the accounts receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay.
(e) Financing Receivables and Guarantees.
The Company provides financing arrangements, including leases, financed service contracts, and loans, for certain qualified customers to build, maintain, and upgrade their networks. Lease receivables primarily represent sales-type and direct-financing leases. Leases and loans typically have two - to three-year terms and are usually collateralized by a security interest in the underlying assets. The Company maintains an allowance for uncollectible financing receivables based on a variety of factors, including the risk rating of the portfolio, macroeconomic conditions, historical experience, and other market factors. The Company also provides financing guarantees, which are generally for various third-party financing arrangements to channel partners and other customers. The Company could be called upon to make payment under these guarantees in the event of nonpayment to the third party. See Note 6.
(f) Depreciation and Amortization.
Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the following periods:
(g) Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets.
Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis and during the period between annual tests in certain circumstances, and written down when impaired. Based on the impairment tests performed, there was no impairment of goodwill in fiscal 2008, 2007, or 2006. Purchased intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized over their useful lives unless these lives are determined to be indefinite. Purchased intangible assets are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally two to seven years.
(h) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets.
Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability of long-lived assets is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of an impairment loss for long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets that management expects to hold and use is based on the fair value of the asset. Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.
(i) Derivative Instruments.
The Company recognizes derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities and measures those instruments at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation. For a derivative instrument designated as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss is recognized in earnings in the period of change together with the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributed to the risk being hedged. For a derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the derivative’s gain or loss is initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings when the hedged exposure affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss is reported in earnings immediately. For derivative instruments that are not designated as accounting hedges, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings in the period of change.
(j) Fair Value of Financial Instruments.
The fair value of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accrued compensation, and other current liabilities, approximates the carrying amount because of their short maturities. In addition, the fair value of the Company’s loan receivables and financed service contracts also approximate the carrying amount. The fair values of fixed income investments, publicly traded equity securities, and the Company’s long-term debt are determined using quoted market prices for those securities or similar financial instruments.
(k) Minority Interest.
The Company consolidates its investment in a venture fund managed by SOFTBANK Corp. and its affiliates (“SOFTBANK”). As of July 26, 2008, minority interest of $49 million represents SOFTBANK’s share of the venture fund.
(l) Foreign Currency Translation.
Assets and liabilities of non-U. S. subsidiaries that operate in a local currency environment, where that local currency is the functional currency, are translated to U. S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, with the resulting translation adjustments directly recorded to a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Income and expense accounts are translated at average exchange rates during the year. Remeasurement adjustments are recorded in other income (loss), net.
(m) Concentrations of Risk.
Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with several financial institutions. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and are maintained with financial institutions with reputable credit and therefore bear minimal credit risk. The Company seeks to mitigate such risks by spreading its risk across multiple counterparties and monitoring the risk profiles of these counterparties.
The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and, with the exception of certain financing transactions, does not require collateral from its customers. The Company’s customers are primarily in the enterprise, service provider, and commercial markets. The Company receives certain of its components from sole suppliers. Additionally, the Company relies on a limited number of contract manufacturers and suppliers to provide manufacturing services for its products. The inability of a contract manufacturer or supplier to fulfill supply requirements of the Company could materially impact future operating results.
(n) Revenue Recognition.
The Company’s products are generally integrated with software that is essential to the functionality of the equipment. Additionally, the Company provides unspecified software upgrades and enhancements related to the equipment through its maintenance contracts for most of its products. Accordingly, the Company accounts for revenue in accordance with Statement of Position No. 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition,” and all related interpretations. For sales of products where software is incidental to the equipment, or in hosting arrangements, the Company applies the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition,” and all related interpretations.
The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured. In instances where final acceptance of the product, system, or solution is specified by the customer, revenue is deferred until all acceptance criteria have been met. Technical support services revenue is deferred and recognized ratably over the period during which the services are to be performed, which is typically from one to three years. Advanced services revenue is recognized upon delivery or completion of performance.
When a sale involves multiple elements, such as sales of products that include services, the entire fee from the arrangement is allocated to each respective element based on its relative fair value and recognized when revenue recognition criteria for each element are met. Fair value for each element is established based on the sales price charged when the same element is sold separately.
The Company uses distributors that stock inventory and typically sell to systems integrators, service providers, and other resellers. In addition, certain products are sold through retail partners. The Company refers to these sales through distributors and retail partners as its two-tier system of sales to the end customer. Revenue from distributors and retail partners is recognized based on a sell-through method using information provided by them. Distributors and retail partners participate in various cooperative marketing and other programs, and the Company maintains estimated accruals and allowances for these programs. The Company accrues for warranty costs, sales returns, and other allowances based on its historical experience.
(o) Advertising Costs.
The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred. Advertising costs were not material for all years presented.
(p) Share-Based Compensation Expense.
SFAS 123(R) requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors including employee stock options and employee stock purchases related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“employee stock purchase rights”) based on estimated fair values. SFAS 123(R) requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of awards that are ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Share-based compensation expense recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations for all years presented included compensation expense for share-based payment awards granted prior to, but not yet vested as of, July 30, 2005 based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the pro forma provisions of SFAS 123, and compensation expense for the share-based payment awards granted subsequent to July 30, 2005 based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123(R). In conjunction with the adoption of SFAS 123(R) at the beginning of fiscal 2006, the Company changed its method of attributing the value of share-based compensation to expense from the accelerated multiple-option approach to the straight-line single-option method. Compensation expense for all share-based payment awards granted on or prior to July 30, 2005 will continue to be recognized using the accelerated multiple-option approach while compensation expense for all share-based payment awards granted subsequent to July 30, 2005 is recognized using the straight-line single-option method. Because share-based compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for forfeitures.
Upon adoption of SFAS 123(R), the Company also changed its method of valuation for share-based awards granted beginning in fiscal 2006 to a lattice-binomial option-pricing model (“lattice-binomial model”) from the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (“Black-Scholes model”) which was previously used for the Company’s pro forma information required under SFAS 123. The Company’s determination of fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by the Company’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Option-pricing models were developed for use in estimating the value of traded options that have no vesting or hedging restrictions and are fully transferable. Because the Company’s employee stock options have certain characteristics that are significantly different from traded options and because changes in the subjective assumptions can materially affect the estimated value, in management’s opinion, the existing valuation models may not provide an accurate measure of the fair value of the Company’s employee stock options. Although the fair value of employee stock options is determined in accordance with SFAS 123(R) and SAB 107 using an option-pricing model, that value may not be indicative of the fair value observed in a willing buyer/willing seller market transaction.
The Company has elected to apply the alternative transition method provided in FASB Staff Position No. FAS 123(R)-3 “Transition Election Related to Accounting for Tax Effects of Share-Based Payment Awards” for calculating the tax effects of share-based compensation pursuant to SFAS 123(R). The alternative transition method includes simplified methods to establish the beginning balance of the additional paid-in capital pool (“APIC pool”) related to the tax effects of employee share-based compensation, and to determine the subsequent impact on the APIC pool and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows of the tax effects of employee share-based compensation awards that are outstanding upon adoption of SFAS 123(R).
(q) Software Development Costs.
Software development costs required to be capitalized pursuant to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 86, “Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed,” have not been material to date. Software development costs for internal use required to be capitalized pursuant to Statement of Position No. 98-1, “Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use,” have also not been material to date.
(r) Income Taxes.
Income tax expense is based on pretax financial accounting income. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized.
On July 29, 2007, the Company adopted FIN 48, which is a change in accounting for income taxes. FIN 48 contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions accounted for in accordance with SFAS 109. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. The Company will classify the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as current to the extent that the Company anticipates payment (or receipt) of cash within one year. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized in the provision for income taxes. See Note 13.
(s) Computation of Net Income per Share.
Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common shares primarily consist of employee stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 128, “Earnings per Share,” requires that employee equity share options, unvested shares, and similar equity instruments granted by the Company be treated as potential common shares outstanding in computing diluted earnings per share. Diluted shares outstanding include the dilutive effect of in-the-money options which is calculated based on the average share price for each fiscal period using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the amount the employee must pay for exercising stock options, the amount of compensation cost for future service that the Company has not yet recognized, and the amount of tax benefits that would be recorded in additional paid-in capital when the award becomes deductible are assumed to be used to repurchase shares.
(t) Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FIN 46”), in January 2003. FIN 46 requires that if an entity is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity, the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of the variable interest entity should be included in the consolidated financial statements of the entity. FASB Interpretation No. 46(R), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FIN 46(R)”), was issued in December 2003. The Company adopted FIN 46(R) effective January 24, 2004. For additional information regarding variable interest entities, see Note 10.
(u) Use of Estimates.
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for the following, among others:
Revenue recognition Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns Inventory valuation and liability for purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers Warranty costs Share-based compensation expense Investment impairments Goodwill impairments Income taxes Loss contingencies.
The actual results experienced by the Company may differ materially from management’s estimates.
(v) Recent Accounting Pronouncements.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and enhances fair value measurement disclosure. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) 157-1, “Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement No. 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements That Address Fair Value Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or Measurement under Statement 13” (“FSP 157-1”) and FSP 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157” (“FSP 157-2”). FSP 157-1 amends SFAS 157 to remove certain leasing transactions from its scope. FSP 157-2 delays the effective date of SFAS 157 for all nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually), until the beginning of the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The measurement and disclosure requirements related to financial assets and financial liabilities are effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2009. The adoption of SFAS 157 for financial assets and financial liabilities is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position. The Company is currently assessing the impact that SFAS 157 will have on its results of operations and financial position when it is applied to nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115” (“SFAS 159”). SFAS 159 is expected to expand the use of fair value accounting but does not affect existing standards that require certain assets or liabilities to be carried at fair value. The objective of SFAS 159 is to improve financial reporting by providing companies with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. Under SFAS 159, a company may choose, at specified election dates, to measure eligible items at fair value and report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. SFAS 159 is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2009, and it is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.
SFAS 141(R) and SFAS 160.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141(R)”) and SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51” (“SFAS 160”). SFAS 141(R) will significantly change current practices regarding business combinations. Among the more significant changes, SFAS 141(R) expands the definition of a business and a business combination; requires the acquirer to recognize the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interests (including goodwill), measured at fair value at the acquisition date; requires acquisition-related expenses and restructuring costs to be recognized separately from the business combination; requires assets acquired and liabilities assumed from contractual and noncontractual contingencies to be recognized at their acquisition-date fair values with subsequent changes recognized in earnings; and requires in-process research and development to be capitalized at fair value as an indefinite-lived intangible asset. SFAS 160 will change the accounting and reporting for minority interests, reporting them as equity separate from the parent entity’s equity, as well as requiring expanded disclosures. SFAS 141(R) and SFAS 160 are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently assessing the impact that SFAS 141(R) and SFAS 160 will have on its results of operations and financial position.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133” (“SFAS 161”), which requires additional disclosures about the objectives of using derivative instruments; the method by which the derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under FASB Statement No.133 and its related interpretations; and the effect of derivative instruments and related hedged items on financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. SFAS 161 also requires disclosure of the fair values of derivative instruments and their gains and losses in a tabular format. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early adoption encouraged. The Company is currently assessing the impact that the adoption of SFAS 161 will have on its financial statement disclosures.
(w) Reclassifications.
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year balances in order to conform to the current year’s presentation.
3. Business Combinations.
(a) Purchase Acquisitions.
Under the terms of the definitive agreements related to the Company’s purchase acquisitions and asset purchases completed during fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, the purchase consideration consisted of one or more of cash, shares of Cisco common stock, and fully vested stock options assumed.
A summary of the purchase acquisitions and asset purchases completed in fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006 is as follows (in millions):
The purchase consideration for the Company’s purchase acquisitions and asset purchases is also allocated to tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
Fiscal 2008.
The Company acquired Navini Networks, Inc. to extend the Company’s WiMAX solutions for service providers. The Company acquired Securent, Inc. to allow the Company to offer its enterprise customers policy management software solutions, which are designed to allow enterprises to administer, enforce, and audit access to data, communications, and applications across different types of information technology (IT) environments.
Fiscal 2007.
The Company acquired Arroyo Video Solutions, Inc. to enable carriers to accelerate the creation and distribution of network-delivered entertainment, interactive media, and advertising services across the growing portfolio of televisions, personal computers, and mobile handsets. The Company acquired IronPort Systems, Inc. to extend the Company’s security portfolio in email and messaging security solutions. The Company acquired Reactivity, Inc. to complement and extend the Company’s application networking services portfolio within advanced technologies. The Company acquired WebEx Communications, Inc., a provider of on-demand collaboration applications. WebEx’s network-based solution for delivering business-to-business collaboration extends the Company’s unified communications portfolio, particularly within the small and medium-sized business (SMB) market.
Fiscal 2006.
The Company acquired KiSS Technology A/S to develop networked entertainment products for the consumer. The Company acquired Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. to create an end-to-end solution for carrier networks and the digital home and deliver large-scale video systems to extend Cisco’s commitment to and leadership in the service provider market. The Company acquired Sheer Networks, Inc. to provide technology that is designed to adapt to network changes, scale to large networks, and help extend new technologies and services that simplify the task of monitoring and maintaining complex networks.
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the operating results of each business from the date of acquisition. Pro forma results of operations for the acquisitions other than Scientific-Atlanta completed during fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006 have not been presented because the effects of the acquisitions, individually or in the aggregate, were not material to the Company’s financial results. The pro forma results of Scientific-Atlanta are presented below.
(b) Acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta, Inc.
On February 24, 2006, Cisco completed the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta, Inc., a provider of set-top boxes, end-to-end video distribution networks, and video integration systems. The financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations of Cisco and Scientific-Atlanta, on a pro forma basis, as though the companies had been combined as of the beginning of fiscal 2006. The unaudited pro forma financial information combines the historical results of operations of Cisco for fiscal 2006, which include the results of operations of Scientific-Atlanta subsequent to February 24, 2006, and the historical results of operations of Scientific-Atlanta for the six months ended December 30, 2005 and the month ended February 24, 2006.
This information is presented for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta and issuance of $6.5 billion of debt (see Note 8) had taken place at the beginning of fiscal 2006. The debt was issued to finance the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta as well as for general corporate purposes. For the purposes of this pro forma financial information, the interest expense on the entire debt, including the effects of hedging, were included in the pro forma financial adjustments. The pro forma financial information also included incremental share-based compensation expense due to the acceleration of Scientific-Atlanta employee stock options prior to the acquisition date, investment banking fees, and other acquisition-related costs, recorded in Scientific-Atlanta’s historical results of operations during February 2006. In addition, the pro forma financial information also included the purchase accounting adjustments on historical Scientific-Atlanta inventory, adjustments to depreciation on acquired property and equipment, a charge for in-process research and development, amortization charges from acquired intangible assets, adjustments to interest income, and related tax effects.
The following table summarizes the pro forma financial information (in millions, except per-share amounts):
(c) Compensation Expense Related to Acquisitions and Investments.
The following table presents the compensation expense related to acquisitions and investments (in millions):
Share-Based Compensation Expense.
Beginning in fiscal 2006, share-based compensation related to acquisitions and investments is measured under SFAS 123(R) and includes deferred share-based compensation relating to acquisitions completed prior to fiscal 2006. As of July 26, 2008, the remaining balance of share-based compensation related to acquisitions and investments to be recognized over the vesting periods was $245 million.
Cash Compensation Expense.
In connection with the Company’s purchase acquisitions, asset purchases, and acquisitions of variable interest entities, the Company has agreed to pay certain additional amounts contingent upon the achievement of certain agreed-upon technology, development, product, or other milestones, or the continued employment with the Company of certain employees of the acquired entities. In each case, any additional amounts paid will be recorded as compensation expense. As of July 26, 2008, the Company may be required to recognize future compensation expense pursuant to these agreements of up to $558 million, including the remaining potential amount of additional compensation expense related to Nuova Systems, Inc., as discussed below.
Nuova Systems, Inc.
During fiscal 2008, the Company purchased the remaining interests in Nuova Systems, Inc. not previously held by the Company, representing approximately 20% of Nuova Systems. Under the terms of the merger agreement, the former minority interest holders of Nuova Systems are eligible to receive up to three milestone payments based on agreed-upon formulas. As a result, during 2008 the Company recorded compensation expense of $277 million related to the fair value of amounts that are expected to be earned by the minority interest holders pursuant to a vesting schedule. Actual amounts payable to the former minority interest holders of Nuova Systems will depend upon achievement under the agreed-upon formulas.
Subsequent changes to the fair value of the amounts probable of being earned and the continued vesting will result in adjustments to the recorded compensation expense. The potential amount that could be recorded as compensation expense may be up to a maximum of $678 million, including the amount that has been expensed as of the end of fiscal 2008. The compensation is expected to be paid during fiscal 2018 through fiscal 2018.
4. Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets.
(a) Goodwill.
The following tables present the changes in goodwill allocated to the Company’s reportable segments during fiscal 2008 and 2007 (in millions):
In the table above, “Other” primarily includes foreign currency translation and purchase accounting adjustments.
(b) Purchased Intangible Assets.
The following tables present details of the purchased intangible assets acquired through acquisitions during fiscal 2008 and 2007 (in millions, except years):
The following tables present details of the Company’s purchased intangible assets (in millions):
(1) The technology category for the year ended July 26, 2008 includes technology intangible assets acquired through business combinations as well as technology licenses.
The following table presents the amortization of purchased intangible assets (in millions):
During the years ended July 26, 2008 and July 29, 2006, the Company recorded impairment charges of $33 million and $69 million, respectively, from write-downs of purchased intangible assets primarily related to certain technology and customer relationships due to reductions in expected future cash flows, and the amounts were recorded as amortization of purchased intangible assets.
The estimated future amortization expense of purchased intangible assets as of July 26, 2008, is as follows (in millions):
5. Balance Sheet Details.
The following tables provide details of selected balance sheet items (in millions):
6. Financing Receivables and Guarantees.
(a) Lease Receivables.
Lease receivables represent sales-type and direct-financing leases resulting from the sale of the Company’s and complementary third-party products. These lease arrangements typically have terms from two to three years and are generally collateralized by a security interest in the underlying assets. The net lease receivables are summarized as follows (in millions):
Contractual maturities of the gross lease receivables at July 26, 2008 were $655 million in fiscal 2009, $514 million in fiscal 2018, $328 million in fiscal 2018, $160 million in fiscal 2018, and $73 million in fiscal 2018 and thereafter. Actual cash collections may differ from the contractual maturities due to early customer buyouts, refinancings, or defaults.
(b) Financed Service Contracts.
Financed service contracts are summarized as follows (in millions):
The revenue related to financed service contracts, which primarily relates to technical support services, is deferred and included in deferred service revenue. The revenue is recognized ratably over the period during which the related services are to be performed, which is typically from one to three years.
(c) Loan Receivables.
Loan receivables are summarized as follows (in millions):
A portion of the revenue related to loan receivables is deferred and included in deferred product revenue based on revenue recognition criteria.
(d) Financing Guarantees.
The Company provides financing guarantees, which are generally for various third-party financing arrangements extended to channel partners and other customers. The Company could be called upon to make payment under these guarantees in the event of nonpayment to the third party. As of July 26, 2008, the total maximum potential future payments related to these guarantees was approximately $830 million, of which approximately $610 million was recorded as deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheet in accordance with revenue recognition policies and FIN 45.
7. Investments.
(a) Summary of Investments.
The following tables summarize the Company’s investments (in millions):
(b) Gains and Losses on Investments.
The following table presents gross realized gains and losses related to the Company’s investments (in millions):
The following tables present the breakdown of the investments with unrealized losses at July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007 (in millions):
The gross unrealized losses related to fixed income securities as of July 26, 2008 were primarily due to changes in interest rates and credit market conditions. The gross unrealized losses related to publicly traded equity securities as of July 26, 2008 were due to changes in market prices. The Company’s management has determined that the gross unrealized losses on its investment securities at July 26, 2008 are temporary in nature. The Company reviews its investments to identify and evaluate investments that have indications of possible impairment. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is temporary include the length of time and extent to which fair value has been less than the cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. Substantially all of the Company’s fixed income securities are rated investment grade.
(c) Maturities of Fixed Income Securities.
The following table summarizes the maturities of the Company’s fixed income securities at July 26, 2008 (in millions):
Actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.
8. Borrowings.
(a) Long-Term Debt.
In February 2006, the Company issued $500 million of senior floating interest rate notes based on LIBOR due 2009 (the “2009 Notes”), $3.0 billion of 5.25% senior notes due 2018 (the “2018 Notes”), and $3.0 billion of 5.50% senior notes due 2018 (the “2018 Notes”), for an aggregate principal amount of $6.5 billion. The following table summarizes the Company’s long-term debt (in millions, except percentages):
Upon termination during fiscal 2008 of the interest rate swaps entered into in connection with the 2018 Notes and the 2018 Notes, the Company received proceeds of $432 million, net of accrued interest, which was recorded as a hedge accounting adjustment of the carrying amount of the fixed-rate debt and which is being amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the remaining terms of the fixed-rate notes. The effective rates for the 2018 Notes and the 2018 Notes as of July 26, 2008 include the fixed rate interest on the notes, the amortization of the hedge accounting adjustment and the accretion of the discount. The effective rates for the 2018 Notes and the 2018 Notes as of July 28, 2007 included the variable rate in effect as of the period end on the interest rate swaps and the accretion of the discount.
The 2018 Notes and the 2018 Notes are redeemable by the Company at any time, subject to a make-whole premium. During fiscal 2008, the Company reclassified the 2009 Notes to the current portion of long-term debt. Based on market prices, the fair value of the Company’s long-term debt, including the current portion of long-term debt, was $6.6 billion as of July 26, 2008. The Company was in compliance with all debt covenants as of July 26, 2008.
Interest is payable quarterly on the 2009 Notes and semi-annually on the 2018 Notes and 2018 Notes. Interest expense and cash paid for interest are summarized as follows (in millions):
(b) Credit Facility.
In August 2007 the Company entered into a credit agreement with certain institutional lenders that provides for a $3.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility that is scheduled to expire on August 17, 2018. Any advances under the credit agreement will accrue interest at rates that are equal to, based on certain conditions, either (i) the higher of the Federal Funds rate plus 0.50% or Bank of America’s “prime rate” as announced from time to time, or (ii) LIBOR plus a margin that is based on the Company’s senior debt credit ratings as published by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. The credit agreement requires that the Company maintain an interest coverage ratio as defined in the agreement. As of July 26, 2008, the Company was in compliance with the required interest coverage ratio and the Company had not borrowed any funds under the credit facility. The Company may also, upon the agreement of either the then existing lenders or of additional lenders not currently parties to the agreement, increase the commitments under the credit facility up to a total of $5.0 billion and/or extend the expiration date of the credit facility up to August 15, 2018.
9. Derivative Instruments.
The Company uses derivative instruments primarily to manage exposures to foreign currency, interest rate, and equity security price risks. The Company’s primary objective in holding derivatives is to reduce the volatility of earnings and cash flows associated with changes in foreign currency, interest rates, and equity security prices. The Company’s derivatives expose it to credit risk to the extent that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreement. The Company seeks to mitigate such risks by limiting its counterparties to major financial institutions. In addition, the potential risk of loss with any one counterparty resulting from this type of credit risk is monitored. Management does not expect material losses as a result of defaults by counterparties.
(a) Foreign Currency Derivatives.
The Company’s foreign exchange forward and option contracts are summarized as follows (in millions):
The Company conducts business globally in numerous currencies. As such, it is exposed to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. To limit the exposure related to foreign currency changes, the Company enters into foreign currency contracts. The Company does not enter into foreign exchange forward or option contracts for trading purposes.
The Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the short-term effects of foreign currency fluctuations on assets and liabilities such as foreign currency receivables, including long-term customer financings, investments, and payables. Gains and losses on the contracts are included in other income (loss), net, and offset foreign exchange gains and losses from the revaluation of intercompany balances or other current assets, investments, or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the reporting entity. The Company’s foreign exchange forward contracts related to current assets and liabilities generally range from one to three months in original maturity. Additionally, the Company has entered into foreign exchange forward contracts with maturities of up to two years related to long-term customer financings. The foreign exchange forward contracts related to investments generally have maturities of less than two years. The Company also hedges certain net investments in its foreign subsidiaries with forward contracts which generally have maturities of less than six months.
The Company hedges certain foreign currency forecasted transactions related to certain operating expenses with currency options and forward contracts. These currency option and forward contracts generally have maturities of less than 18 months and these transactions are designated as cash flow hedges. The effective portion of the derivative’s gain or loss is initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings when the hedged exposure affects earnings. The ineffective portion, if any, of the gain or loss is reported in earnings immediately. During fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, there were no significant gains or losses recognized in earnings for hedge ineffectiveness. The Company did not discontinue any hedges during any of the years presented because it was probable that the original forecasted transactions would not occur.
(b) Interest Rate Derivatives.
The Company’s interest rate derivatives are summarized as follows (in millions):
The Company’s primary objective for holding fixed income securities is to achieve an appropriate investment return consistent with preserving principal and managing risk. To realize these objectives, the Company may utilize interest rate swaps or other derivatives designated as fair value or cash flow hedges.
Interest Rate Swaps, Investments.
The Company is currently a party to $1.0 billion of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of its investment portfolio. Under these interest rate swap contracts, the Company makes fixed-rate interest payments and receives interest payments based on LIBOR. The effect of these swaps is to convert fixed-rate returns to floating-rate returns based on LIBOR for a portion of the Company’s fixed income portfolio. The gains and losses related to changes in the value of the interest rate swaps are included in other income (loss), net, and offset the changes in fair value of the underlying hedged investment. The fair values of the interest rate swaps designated as hedges of the Company’s investments are reflected in prepaid expenses and other current assets or other current liabilities.
Interest Rate Swaps, Long-Term Debt.
In conjunction with its issuance of fixed-rate senior notes in February 2006, the Company entered into $6.0 billion of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of the fixed-rate debt. The effect of these swaps was to convert fixed-rate interest expense to floating-rate interest expense based on LIBOR. During fiscal 2008, the Company terminated the $6.0 billion of interest rate swaps and received proceeds of $432 million, net of accrued interest, which was recorded as a hedge accounting adjustment of the carrying amount of the fixed-rate debt and is amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the remaining terms of the fixed-rate notes. While such interest rate swaps were in effect, their fair values were reflected in other assets or other long-term liabilities and the gains and losses related to changes in the value of such interest rate swaps were included in other income (loss), net, and offset the changes in fair value of the underlying debt.
(c) Equity Derivatives.
The Company’s equity derivatives are summarized as follows (in millions):
The Company maintains a portfolio of publicly traded equity securities which are subject to price risk. The Company may hold equity securities for strategic purposes or to diversify the Company’s overall investment portfolio. To manage its exposure to changes in the fair value of certain equity securities, the Company may enter into equity derivatives, including forward sale and option agreements. As of July 26, 2008, the Company had entered into forward sale agreements on certain publicly traded equity securities designated as fair value hedges. The gains and losses due to changes in the value of the hedging instruments are included in other income (loss), net, and offset the change in the fair value of the underlying hedged investment. The fair values of the equity derivatives are reflected in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other current liabilities.
10. Commitments and Contingencies.
(a) Operating Leases.
The Company leases office space in several U. S. locations. Outside the United States, larger leased sites include sites in Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Rent expense totaled $291 million, $219 million, and $181 million in fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively. Future annual minimum lease payments under all noncancelable operating leases with an initial term in excess of one year as of July 26, 2008 are as follows (in millions):
(b) Purchase Commitments with Contract Manufacturers and Suppliers.
The Company purchases components from a variety of suppliers and uses several contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing services for its products. During the normal course of business, in order to manage manufacturing lead times and help ensure adequate component supply, the Company enters into agreements with contract manufacturers and suppliers that either allow them to procure inventory based upon criteria as defined by the Company or that establish the parameters defining the Company’s requirements. In certain instances, these agreements allow the Company the option to cancel, reschedule, and adjust the Company’s requirements based on its business needs prior to firm orders being placed. Consequently, only a portion of the Company’s reported purchase commitments arising from these agreements are firm, noncancelable, and unconditional commitments. As of July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007, the Company had total purchase commitments for inventory of $2.7 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively.
In addition to the above, the Company records a liability for firm, noncancelable, and unconditional purchase commitments for quantities in excess of its future demand forecasts consistent with the valuation of the Company’s excess and obsolete inventory. As of July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007, the liability for these purchase commitments was $184 million and $168 million, respectively, and was included in other current liabilities.
(c) Compensation Expense Related to Acquisitions and Investments.
In connection with the Company’s purchase acquisitions, asset purchases, and acquisitions of variable interest entities, the Company has agreed to pay certain additional amounts contingent upon the achievement of certain agreed-upon technology, development, product, or other milestones, or the continued employment with the Company of certain employees of acquired entities. See Note 3.
(d) Other Commitments.
The Company also has certain funding commitments primarily related to its investments in privately held companies and venture funds, some of which are based on the achievement of certain agreed-upon milestones, and some of which are required to be funded on demand. The funding commitments were approximately $359 million and $140 million as of July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007, respectively.
(e) Variable Interest Entities.
In the ordinary course of business, the Company has investments in privately held companies and provides financing to certain customers through its wholly owned subsidiaries, which may be considered to be variable interest entities. The Company has evaluated its investments in these privately held companies and customer financings and determined that there were no significant unconsolidated variable interest entities as of July 26, 2008.
(f) Guarantees and Product Warranties.
The following table summarizes the activity related to the product warranty liability during fiscal 2008 and 2007 (in millions):
The Company accrues for warranty costs as part of its cost of sales based on associated material product costs, labor costs for technical support staff, and associated overhead. The products sold are generally covered by a warranty for periods ranging from 90 days to five years, and for some products the Company provides a limited lifetime warranty.
In the normal course of business, the Company indemnifies other parties, including customers, lessors, and parties to other transactions with the Company, with respect to certain matters. The Company has agreed to hold the other parties harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations or covenants, or out of intellectual property infringement or other claims made against certain parties. These agreements may limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made and the amount of the claim. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors, and the Company’s bylaws contain similar indemnification obligations to the Company’s agents. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the Company’s limited history with prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by the Company under these agreements have not had a material effect on the Company’s operating results, financial position, or cash flows.
The Company also provides financing guarantees, which are generally for various third-party financing arrangements to channel partners and other customers. See Note 6. The Company’s other arrangements as of July 26, 2008 that were subject to recognition and disclosure requirements under FIN 45 were not material.
(g) Legal Proceedings.
The Company and other defendants were subject to claims asserted by Telcordia Technologies, Inc. on July 16, 2004 in the Federal District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that various Cisco routers, switches and optical products infringed United States Patent Nos. 4,893,306, 4,835,763, and Re 36,633. Telcordia sought damages and injunctive relief. The Court ruled that, as a matter of law, the Company does not infringe Patent No. 4,893,306. After conclusion of a trial, on May 10, 2007, a jury found that infringement had occurred on the other patents and awarded damages in an amount that is not material to the Company. The Company has asked the Court to reverse the verdict as a matter of law, and if necessary, the Company intends to appeal the decision. Telcordia has asked the Court to enhance damages and award it attorneys’ fees and also has the right to appeal. The Company believes that the ultimate outcome of this matter and aggregate potential damages will not be material.
Brazilian authorities are investigating certain employees of the Company’s Brazilian subsidiary and certain employees of a Brazilian importer of the Company’s products relating to the allegation of evading import taxes and other alleged improper transactions involving the subsidiary and the importer. The Company is conducting a thorough review of the matter. To date, Brazilian authorities have not asserted a claim against the Company. The Company is unable to determine the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome on any potential claims against it or to reasonably estimate a range of loss, if any. In addition, the Company is investigating the allegations regarding improper transactions, the Company has proactively communicated with United States authorities to provide information and report on its findings, and the United States authorities are currently investigating such allegations.
In addition, the Company is subject to legal proceedings, claims, and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, including intellectual property litigation. While the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable, the Company does not expect that the ultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
11. Shareholders’ القيمة المالية.
(a) Stock Repurchase Program.
In September 2001, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program. As of July 26, 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors had authorized an aggregate repurchase of up to $62 billion of common stock under this program and the remaining authorized repurchase amount was $8.4 billion with no termination date. The stock repurchase activity under the stock repurchase program in fiscal 2007 and 2008 is summarized as follows (in millions, except per-share amounts):
(1) Includes stock repurchases that were pending settlement as of period end.
The purchase price for the shares of the Company’s stock repurchased is reflected as a reduction to shareholders’ equity. In accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 6, “Status of Accounting Research Bulletins,” the Company is required to allocate the purchase price of the repurchased shares as (i) a reduction to retained earnings until retained earnings are zero and then as an increase to accumulated deficit and (ii) a reduction of common stock and additional paid-in capital. Issuance of common stock and the tax benefit related to employee stock incentive plans are recorded as an increase to common stock and additional paid-in capital.
(b) Other Repurchases of Common Stock.
The Company also repurchases shares in settlement of employee tax withholding obligations due upon the vesting of restricted stock or stock units.
(c) Preferred Stock.
Under the terms of the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, the Board of Directors may determine the rights, preferences, and terms of the Company’s authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock.
(d) Comprehensive Income.
The components of comprehensive income are as follows (in millions):
The Company consolidates its investment in a venture fund managed by SOFTBANK as the Company is the primary beneficiary as defined under FIN 46(R). As a result, SOFTBANK’s interest in the change in the unrealized gains and losses on the investments in the venture fund is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and is reflected as a change in minority interest.
12. Employee Benefit Plans.
(a) Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which includes its subplan, the International Employee Stock Purchase Plan (together, the “Purchase Plan”), under which 321.4 million shares of the Company’s stock have been reserved for issuance. Eligible employees may purchase a limited number of shares of the Company’s stock at a discount of up to 15% of the lesser of the market value on the subscription date or the purchase date, which is approximately six months after the subscription date. The Purchase Plan terminates on January 3, 2018. The Company issued 19 million, 17 million, and 21 million shares under the Purchase Plan in fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively. As of July 26, 2008, 63 million shares were available for issuance under the Purchase Plan.
(b) Employee Stock Incentive Plans.
Stock Incentive Plan Program Description.
As of July 26, 2008, the Company had five stock incentive plans: the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2005 Plan”); the 1996 Stock Incentive Plan (the “1996 Plan”); the 1997 Supplemental Stock Incentive Plan (the “Supplemental Plan”); the Cisco Systems, Inc. SA Acquisition Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “SA Acquisition Plan”); and the Cisco Systems, Inc. WebEx Acquisition Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “WebEx Acquisition Plan”). In addition, the Company has, in connection with the acquisitions of various companies, assumed the share-based awards granted under stock incentive plans of the acquired companies or issued share-based awards in replacement thereof. Share-based awards are designed to reward employees for their long-term contributions to the Company and provide incentives for them to remain with the Company. The number and frequency of share-based awards are based on competitive practices, operating results of the Company, government regulations, and other factors. Since the inception of the stock incentive plans, the Company has granted stock options to virtually all employees, and the majority has been granted to employees below the vice president level. The Company’s primary stock incentive plans are summarized as follows:
As amended on November 15, 2007, the maximum number of shares issuable under the 2005 Plan over its term is 559 million shares plus the amount of any shares underlying awards outstanding on November 15, 2007 under the 1996 Plan, the SA Acquisition Plan and the WebEx Acquisition Plan that are forfeited or are terminated for any other reason before being exercised or settled. However, any shares underlying awards outstanding on November 15, 2007 under the 1996 Plan, the SA Acquisition Plan, and the WebEx Acquisition Plan that expire unexercised at the end of their maximum terms will not be considered to become available for reissuance under the 2005 Plan. If any awards granted under the 2005 Plan are forfeited or are terminated for any other reason before being exercised or settled, then the shares underlying the awards will again be available under the 2005 Plan. The number of shares available for issuance under the 2005 Plan will be reduced by 2.5 shares for each share awarded as stock grants or stock units.
The 2005 Plan permits the granting of stock options, stock, stock units, and stock appreciation rights to employees (including employee directors and officers) and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates, and non-employee directors of the Company. Stock options granted under the 2005 Plan have an exercise price of at least 100% of the fair market value of the underlying stock on the grant date and expire no later than nine years from the grant date. The stock options will generally become exercisable for 20% or 25% of the option shares one year from the date of grant and then ratably over the following 48 or 36 months, respectively. Stock grants and stock units will generally vest with respect to 20% or 25% of the shares covered by the grant on each of the first through fifth or fourth anniversaries of the date of the grant, respectively. The Compensation and Management Development Committee of the Board of Directors has the discretion to use different vesting schedules. Stock appreciation rights may be awarded in combination with stock options or stock grants and such awards shall provide that the stock appreciation rights will not be exercisable unless the related stock options or stock grants are forfeited. Stock grants may be awarded in combination with non-statutory stock options, and such awards may provide that the stock grants will be forfeited in the event that the related non-statutory stock options are exercised.
The 1996 Plan expired on December 31, 2006, and the Company can no longer make equity awards under the 1996 Plan. The maximum number of shares issuable over the term of the 1996 Plan was 2.5 billion shares. Stock options granted under the 1996 Plan have an exercise price of at least 100% of the fair market value of the underlying stock on the grant date and expire no later than nine years from the grant date. The stock options generally become exercisable for 20% or 25% of the option shares one year from the date of grant and then ratably over the following 48 or 36 months, respectively. Certain other grants have utilized a 60-month ratable vesting schedule. In addition, the Board of Directors, or other committees administering the plan, have the discretion to use a different vesting schedule and have done so from time to time.
Supplemental Plan.
The Supplemental Plan expired on December 31, 2007, and the Company can no longer make equity awards under the Supplemental Plan. Officers and members of the Company’s Board of Directors were not eligible to participate in the Supplemental Plan. Nine million shares were reserved for issuance under the Supplemental Plan.
Acquisition Plans.
In connection with the Company’s acquisitions of Scientific-Atlanta and WebEx, the Company adopted the SA Acquisition Plan and the WebEx Acquisition Plan, respectively, each effective upon completion of the applicable acquisition. These plans constitute assumptions, amendments, restatements, and renamings of the 2003 Long-Term Incentive Plan of Scientific-Atlanta and the WebEx Communications, Inc. Amended and Restated 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, respectively. The plans permit the grant of stock options, stock, stock units, and stock appreciation rights to certain employees of the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates who had been employed by Scientific-Atlanta or its subsidiaries or WebEx or its subsidiaries, as applicable. As a result of the shareholder approval of the amendment and extension of the 2005 Plan, as of November 15, 2007, the Company will no longer make stock option grants or direct share issuances under either the SA Acquisition Plan or the WebEx Acquisition Plan.
Dilutive Effect of Stock Options.
Weighted-average basic and diluted shares outstanding for fiscal 2008 were 6.0 billion shares and 6.2 billion shares, respectively. For the year ended July 26, 2008, the dilutive effect of potential common shares was approximately 177 million shares or 3.0% of the basic shares outstanding based on the Company’s average share price of $27.15.
The following table illustrates grant dilution computed based on net stock options granted as a percentage of shares of common stock outstanding at the fiscal year end (in millions, except percentages):
General Share-Based Award Information.
A summary of share-based award activity is as follows (in millions, except per-share amounts):
(1) The total pretax intrinsic value of stock options exercised during fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006 was $1.6 billion, $3.1 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively.
(2) Amounts represent restricted stock and other share-based awards (excluding stock options) granted and assumed. The Company had total shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding of 10 million, 11 million, and 6 million as of July 26, 2008, July 28, 2007, and July 29, 2006, respectively. Share-based awards available for grant are reduced by 2.5 shares for each share awarded as stock grants or pursuant to stock units from the 2005 Plan subsequent to November 15, 2007.
The following table summarizes significant ranges of outstanding and exercisable stock options as of July 26, 2008 (in millions, except years and share prices):
The aggregate intrinsic value in the preceding table represents the total pretax intrinsic value, based on the Company’s closing stock price of $22.43 as of July 25, 2008, which would have been received by the option holders had those option holders exercised their stock options as of that date. The total number of in-the-money stock options exercisable as of July 26, 2008 was 463 million. As of July 28, 2007, 829 million outstanding stock options were exercisable and the weighted-average exercise price was $30.13.
Valuation and Expense Information Under SFAS 123(R)
Share-based compensation expense recognized under SFAS 123(R) consists primarily of expenses for stock options, stock purchase rights, restricted stock, and restricted stock units granted to employees. The following table summarizes employee share-based compensation expense (in millions):
(1) Share-based compensation expense of $87 million, $34 million, and $87 million related to acquisitions and investments for fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively, is disclosed in Note 3 and is not included in the above table.
As of July 26, 2008, total compensation cost related to unvested share-based awards, including share-based compensation relating to acquisitions and investments, not yet recognized was $3.4 billion, which is expected to be recognized over approximately 3.5 years on a weighted-average basis. The income tax benefit for employee share-based compensation expense was $330 million, $342 million, and $294 million for fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively.
Lattice-Binomial Model.
Upon adoption of SFAS 123(R) at the beginning of fiscal 2006, the Company began estimating the value of employee stock options and employee stock purchase rights on the date of grant using a lattice-binomial model. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123(R), the value of each employee stock option and employee stock purchase right was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model.
The Company’s employee stock options have vesting provisions and various restrictions including restrictions on transfer and hedging, among others, and are often exercised prior to their contractual maturity. Lattice-binomial models are more capable of incorporating the features of the Company’s employee stock options than closed-form models such as the Black-Scholes model. The use of a lattice-binomial model requires extensive actual employee exercise behavior data and a number of complex assumptions including expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected dividends, kurtosis, and skewness. The weighted-average assumptions, using the lattice-binomial model, and the weighted-average expected life and estimated grant date fair values of employee stock options granted during the respective years and employee stock purchase rights with subscription dates in the respective years are summarized as follows:
The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is impacted by the Company’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. The weighted-average assumptions were determined as follows:
For employee stock options, the Company used the implied volatility for two-year traded options on the Company’s stock as the expected volatility assumption required in the lattice-binomial model, consistent with SFAS 123(R) and SAB 107. For employee stock purchase rights, the Company used the implied volatility for six-month traded options on the Company’s stock. The selection of the implied volatility approach was based upon the availability of actively traded options on the Company’s stock and the Company’s assessment that implied volatility is more representative of future stock price trends than historical volatility. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates appropriate for the term of the Company’s employee stock options and employee stock purchase rights. The dividend yield assumption is based on the history and expectation of dividend payouts. The estimated kurtosis and skewness are technical measures of the distribution of stock price returns, which affect expected employee exercise behaviors, and are based on the Company’s stock price return history as well as consideration of various academic analyses.
The expected life of employee stock options represents the weighted-average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding and is a derived output of the lattice-binomial model. The expected life of employee stock options is impacted by all of the underlying assumptions and calibration of the Company’s model. The lattice-binomial model assumes that employees’ exercise behavior is a function of the option’s remaining vested life and the extent to which the option is in-the-money. The lattice-binomial model estimates the probability of exercise as a function of these two variables based on the entire history of exercises and cancellations on all past option grants made by the Company.
Accuracy of Fair Value Estimates.
The Company uses third-party analyses to assist in developing the assumptions used in, as well as calibrating, its lattice-binomial model. The Company is responsible for determining the assumptions used in estimating the fair value of its share-based payment awards. The Company’s determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards is affected by assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Option-pricing models were developed for use in estimating the value of traded options that have no vesting or hedging restrictions and are fully transferable. Because the Company’s employee stock options have certain characteristics that are significantly different from traded options, and because changes in the subjective assumptions can materially affect the estimated value, in management’s opinion, the existing valuation models may not provide an accurate measure of the fair value of the Company’s employee stock options. Although the fair value of employee stock options is determined in accordance with SFAS 123(R) and SAB 107 using an option-pricing model, that value may not be indicative of the fair value observed in a willing buyer/willing seller market transaction.
(c) Employee 401(k) Plans.
The Company sponsors the Cisco Systems, Inc. 401(k) Plan (the “Plan”) to provide retirement benefits for its employees. As allowed under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, the Plan provides for tax-deferred salary contributions for eligible employees. The Plan allows employees to contribute from 1% to 25% of their annual compensation to the Plan on a pretax and after-tax basis. Employee contributions are limited to a maximum annual amount as set periodically by the Internal Revenue Code. The Company matches pretax employee contributions up to 100% of the first 4% of eligible earnings that are contributed by employees. Therefore, the maximum matching contribution that the Company may allocate to each participant’s account will not exceed $9,200 for the 2008 calendar year due to the $230,000 annual limit on eligible earnings imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. All matching contributions vest immediately. The Company’s matching contributions to the Plan totaled $171 million, $131 million, and $96 million in fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively.
The Plan allows employees who meet the age requirements and reach the Plan contribution limits to make a catch-up contribution not to exceed the lesser of 50% of their eligible compensation or the limit set forth in the Internal Revenue Code. The catch-up contributions are not eligible for matching contributions. In addition, the Plan provides for discretionary profit-sharing contributions as determined by the Board of Directors. Such contributions to the Plan are allocated among eligible participants in the proportion of their salaries to the total salaries of all participants. There were no discretionary profit-sharing contributions made in fiscal 2008, 2007, or 2006.
The Company also sponsors other 401(k) plans that arose from acquisitions of other companies. The Company’s contributions to these plans were not material to the Company on either an individual or aggregate basis for any of the fiscal years presented.
(d) Deferred Compensation Plans.
The Company maintains a deferred compensation plan for certain employees and directors of Scientific-Atlanta (the “SA Plan”). The deferred compensation liability under the SA Plan was approximately $126 million and $109 million, as of July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007, respectively, and was recorded in current and long-term liabilities.
The Cisco Systems, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”), a nonqualified deferred compensation plan, became effective June 25, 2007. As required by applicable law, participation in the Deferred Compensation Plan is limited to a group of the Company’s management employees, which group includes each of the Company’s named executive officers. Under the Deferred Compensation Plan, which is an unfunded and unsecured deferred compensation arrangement, a participant may elect to defer base salary, bonus, and/or commissions, pursuant to such rules as may be established by the Company, up to the maximum percentages for each deferral election as described in the plan. This operates in a manner similar to the way in which the Company’s 401(k) plan operates, but without regard to the maximum deferral limitations imposed on 401(k) plans by the Internal Revenue Code. The Company may also, at its discretion, make a matching contribution to the employee under the Deferred Compensation Plan. A matching contribution equal to 4% of eligible compensation over the Internal Revenue Code limit for calendar year 2008 that is deferred by participants under the Deferred Compensation Plan will be made to eligible participants’ accounts at the end of calendar year 2008. The deferred compensation liability under this plan was approximately $45 million as of July 26, 2008 and was recorded in long-term liabilities.
(e) Defined Benefit Plans Assumed from Scientific-Atlanta.
Upon completion of the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta, the Company assumed certain defined benefit plans related to employee pensions. Scientific-Atlanta had a defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all of its domestic employees, defined benefit pension plans covering certain international employees, a restoration retirement plan for certain domestic employees, and supplemental executive retirement plans for certain key officers (collectively, the “Pension Plans”).
The fair value of the liabilities of these plans was determined as of the July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007 measurement dates. The fair value determination of the liabilities reflects the Company’s intent to integrate the Scientific-Atlanta employee benefit programs with those of the Company. As a result, no additional benefits have been accrued under the Pension Plans since February 2008.
The following table sets forth projected benefit obligations, plan assets, and amounts recorded in current and long-term liabilities under the Pension Plans (in millions):
The accumulated benefit obligations under the Pension Plans were $197 million and $225 million as of July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007, respectively.
13. Income Taxes.
(a) Provision for Income Taxes.
The provision for income taxes consists of the following (in millions):
The Company paid income taxes of $2.8 billion, $1.7 billion, and $1.6 billion in fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively. Income before provision for income taxes consists of the following (in millions):
The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate and the provision for income taxes consists of the following:
The tax provision for fiscal 2008 included tax expense of $229 million related to the intercompany realignment of certain of the Company’s foreign operations during the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2008. The tax provision for fiscal 2008 also included a net tax benefit of $162 million related to a settlement of certain tax matters with the IRS during the first quarter of fiscal 2008. In December 2006, the Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 reinstated the U. S. federal R&D tax credit, retroactive to January 1, 2006. As a result, the tax provision for fiscal 2007 included a tax benefit of approximately $60 million related to the U. S. federal R&D tax credit attributable to fiscal 2006 R&D. The tax provision for fiscal 2006 included a benefit of approximately $124 million from the favorable settlement of a tax audit in a foreign jurisdiction.
U. S. income taxes and foreign withholding taxes associated with the repatriation of earnings of foreign subsidiaries were not provided for on a cumulative total of $21.9 billion of undistributed earnings for certain foreign subsidiaries. The Company intends to reinvest these earnings indefinitely in its foreign subsidiaries. If these earnings were distributed to the United States in the form of dividends or otherwise, or if the shares of the relevant foreign subsidiaries were sold or otherwise transferred, the Company would be subject to additional U. S. income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits) and foreign withholding taxes. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred income tax liability related to these earnings is not practicable.
On October 22, 2004, the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (the “Jobs Creation Act”) was signed into law. The Jobs Creation Act created a temporary incentive for U. S. corporations to repatriate accumulated income earned abroad by providing an 85 percent dividends received deduction for certain dividends from controlled foreign corporations. In fiscal 2006, the Company distributed cash from its foreign subsidiaries and reported an extraordinary dividend (as defined in the Jobs Creation Act) of $1.2 billion and a related tax liability of approximately $63 million in its fiscal 2006 federal income tax return. This amount was previously provided for in the provision for income taxes and is included in income taxes payable. This distribution does not change the Company’s intention to indefinitely reinvest undistributed earnings of certain of its foreign subsidiaries in operations outside the United States.
As a result of certain employment and capital investment actions and commitments, the Company’s income in certain countries is subject to reduced tax rates and in some cases is wholly exempt from tax. These tax incentives expire in whole or in part at various times through fiscal 2025.
(b) Unrecognized Tax Benefits.
On July 29, 2007, the Company adopted FIN 48 which prescribes a comprehensive model for the financial statement recognition, measurement, classification, and disclosure of uncertain tax positions. As a result of the adoption of FIN 48, the Company reduced the liability for net unrecognized tax benefits by $451 million and accounted for this as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle that was recorded as an increase to retained earnings of $202 million and an increase to additional paid-in capital of $249 million. The total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits as of the date of adoption was $3.3 billion, of which $2.9 billion would affect the effective tax rate if realized. The Company historically classified liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits in current income taxes payable. In implementing FIN 48, the Company has reclassified liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits for which the Company does not anticipate payment or receipt of cash within one year to noncurrent income taxes payable. In addition, the Company reclassified the income tax receivable to income taxes payable.
The aggregate changes in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits during fiscal 2008 were as follows (in millions):
In connection with the regular examination of the Company’s federal income tax returns for fiscal years ended July 27, 2002 through July 31, 2004, the IRS proposed certain adjustments related to the Company’s international operations. In the first quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company and the IRS agreed to a settlement with respect to certain tax issues related to U. S. income inclusions arising from the Company’s international operations for fiscal years ended July 27, 2002 through July 29, 2006. As a result of the settlement, the Company reduced the amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits by approximately $1.0 billion. The Company also reduced the amount of accrued interest by $39 million. In addition, the IRS has proposed other adjustments that are not covered under the settlement agreement related to fiscal years ended July 27, 2002 through July 31, 2004. The Company has timely filed a protest with IRS Appeals on these proposed adjustments. The Company believes that adequate amounts have been reserved for any adjustments that may ultimately result from these examinations.
As of July 26, 2008, $2.1 billion of the unrecognized tax benefits would affect the effective tax rate if realized. The Company’s policy to include interest and penalties related to income taxes, including unrecognized tax benefits, within the provision for income taxes did not change as a result of implementing FIN 48. As of the date of adoption of FIN 48, the Company had accrued $183 million in income taxes payable for the payment of interest and penalties. As of July 26, 2008, the Company had accrued $166 million in income taxes payable for the payment of interest and penalties, of which $8 million was recorded to the provision for income taxes during fiscal 2008. The Company is no longer subject to U. S. federal income tax audit for returns covering tax years through fiscal year 2001. With limited exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to state and local or foreign income tax audits for returns covering tax years through fiscal year 1997. Although timing of the resolution of audits is highly uncertain, the Company does not believe it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of July 26, 2008 will materially change in the next 12 months.
(c) Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities.
The following table presents the breakdown between current and noncurrent net deferred tax assets (in millions):
The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in millions):
As of July 26, 2008, the Company’s federal, state, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes were $344 million, $1.7 billion, and $97 million, respectively. If not utilized, the federal net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2018, the state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2009, and the foreign net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2018. As of July 26, 2008, the Company’s federal and state tax credit carryforwards for income tax purposes were approximately $10 million and $600 million, respectively. If not utilized, the federal and state tax credit carryforwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2009.
14. Segment Information and Major Customers.
The Company’s operations involve the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and technical support of networking and other products and services related to the communications and information technology industry. Cisco products include routers, switches, advanced technologies, and other products. These products, primarily integrated by Cisco IOS Software, link geographically dispersed local-area networks (LANs), metropolitan-area networks (MANs) and wide-area networks (WANs).
(a) Net Sales and Gross Margin by Theater.
The Company conducts business globally and is primarily managed on a geographic basis. The Company’s management makes financial decisions and allocates resources based on the information it receives from its internal management system. Sales are attributed to a geographic theater based on the ordering location of the customer. During the first quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company enhanced its methodology for attributing certain revenue transactions, including revenue deferrals, and the associated cost of sales for each to the respective geographic theater and revised the information utilized by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (CODM). As a result, the Company has reclassified prior year net sales and gross margin amounts by theater to conform to the current year’s presentation.
The Company does not allocate research and development, sales and marketing, or general and administrative expenses to its geographic theaters in this internal management system because management does not include the information in its measurement of the performance of the operating segments. In addition, the Company does not allocate amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, share-based compensation expense, and the effects of purchase accounting adjustments to inventory to the gross margin for each theater because management also does not include this information in its measurement of the performance of the operating segments.
Summarized financial information by theater for fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, based on the Company’s internal management system and as utilized by the Company’s CODM, is as follows (in millions):
(1) Net sales in the United States were $20.2 billion, $18.3 billion, and $14.8 billion for fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively.
(2) The unallocated corporate items primarily include the effects of amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets and share-based compensation expense.
(b) Net Sales for Groups of Similar Products and Services.
The following table presents net sales for groups of similar products and services (in millions):
The Company refers to some of its products and technologies as advanced technologies. As of July 26, 2008, the Company had identified the following advanced technologies for particular focus: application networking services, home networking, security, storage area networking, unified communications, video systems, and wireless technology. The Company continues to identify additional advanced technologies for focus and investment in the future, and the Company’s investments in some previously identified advanced technologies may be curtailed or eliminated depending on market developments.
(c) Other Segment Information.
The majority of the Company’s assets, excluding cash and cash equivalents and investments, as of July 26, 2008 and July 28, 2007 were attributable to its U. S. operations. The Company’s total cash and cash equivalents and investments held outside of the United States in various foreign subsidiaries was $24.4 billion as of July 26, 2008, and the remaining $1.8 billion was held in the United States. In fiscal 2008, 2007, and 2006, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s net sales.
Property and equipment information is based on the physical location of the assets. The following table presents property and equipment information for geographic areas (in millions):
15. Net Income Per Share.
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share (in millions, except per-share amounts):
